| '''Meningiomas''' are relatively common neoplasm of the central nervous system that arises from arachnoidal cells which are normally involved in the protection of the [[central nervous system]] by forming a thick envelope of meninges around the [[brain]] and [[spinal cord]].<ref name="wiki">Meningioma. Wikipedia(2015) https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meningioma#cite_note-pmid7731706-9 Accessed on September, 25th 2015</ref><ref name="C">Meningioma. Canadian Cancer Society http://www.cancer.ca/en/cancer-information/cancer-type/brain-spinal/brain-and-spinal-tumours/meningioma/?region=mb September, 25th 2015</ref><ref name="radio">Meningeoma. Radiopaedia(2015)http://radiopaedia.org/articles/meningioma Accessed on September, 25th 2015</ref> Meningioma may be classified according to the histological criteria of the WHO into 3 groups: [[benign]] classic meningioma (WHO grade 1), atypical meningioma (WHO grade 2), and [[anaplastic]] malignant meningioma (WHO grade 3). Meningioma may also be classified according to the [[tumor]] location into 2 main subtypes: intradural and extradural meningioma.<ref name="Wiki">Meningioma diagnosi. Wikipedia(2015) https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meningioma#History_and_nomenclature Accessed on September, 25th 2015</ref><ref name="L">Meningioma. Liberpathology(2015) http://librepathology.org/wiki/index.php/Meningioma#Quick_overview Accessed on September, 25th 2015</ref> The majority of meningiomas are [[benign]].<ref name="wiki">Meningioma. Wikipedia(2015) https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meningioma#cite_note-pmid7731706-9 Accessed on September, 25th 2015</ref><ref name="C">Meningioma. Canadian Cancer Society http://www.cancer.ca/en/cancer-information/cancer-type/brain-spinal/brain-and-spinal-tumours/meningioma/?region=mb September, 25th 2015</ref><ref name="radio">Meningeoma. Radiopaedia(2015)http://radiopaedia.org/articles/meningioma Accessed on September, 25th 2015</ref> Development of meningioma is the result of multiple genetic mutations.<ref name="wiki">Meningioma. Wikipedia(2015) https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meningioma#cite_note-pmid7731706-9 Accessed on September, 25th 2015</ref> On gross pathology, a gray, well-circumscribed, dome-shaped mass is a characteristic finding of meningioma.<ref name="wiki">Meningioma. Wikipedia(2015) https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meningioma#cite_note-pmid7731706-9 Accessed on September, 25th 2015</ref> On microscopic [[histopathological]] analysis, whorled appearance, [[calcification]], and [[psammoma]] bodies are characteristic findings of of meningioma.<ref name="liber">Meningioma. Liberpathology(2015) http://librepathology.org/wiki/index.php/Meningioma#Quick_overview accessed on September, 25th 2015</ref> There are no known direct causes for meningioma.<ref name="w">Meningiom. Wikipedia(2015) https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meningioma#Pathophysiology Accessed on September, 25th 2015</ref> Common risk factors in the development of meningioma are history of radiation treatment, inherited [[nervous system]] disorder, and female gender.<ref name="wiki">Meningioma. Wikipedia(2015) https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meningioma#Signs_and_symptoms Accessed on September, 25th 2015</ref><ref name="Canada">Risk factors for brain and spinal cord cancer. Canadian Cancer Society(2015) http://www.cancer.ca/en/cancer-information/cancer-type/brain-spinal/risks/?region=mb Accessed on September, 25th 2015</ref><ref name="pmid20821343">{{cite journal| author=Wiemels J, Wrensch M, Claus EB| title=Epidemiology and etiology of meningioma. | journal=J Neurooncol | year= 2010 | volume= 99 | issue= 3 | pages= 307-14 | pmid=20821343 | doi=10.1007/s11060-010-0386-3 | pmc=PMC2945461 | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=20821343 }} </ref> The incidence of meningioma is approximately 7.62 per 100,000 individuals in the United States.<ref name="pmid25872752">{{cite journal| author=Dolecek TA, Dressler EV, Thakkar JP, Liu M, Al-Qaisi A, Villano JL| title=Epidemiology of meningiomas post-Public Law 107-206: The Benign Brain Tumor Cancer Registries Amendment Act. | journal=Cancer | year= 2015 | volume= 121 | issue= 14 | pages= 2400-10 | pmid=25872752 | doi=10.1002/cncr.29379 | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=25872752 }} </ref> The prevalence of meningioma was estimated to be 97.5 cases per 100,000 individuals in the United States.<ref name="pmid20821343">{{cite journal| author=Wiemels J, Wrensch M, Claus EB| title=Epidemiology and etiology of meningioma. | journal=J Neurooncol | year= 2010 | volume= 99 | issue= 3 | pages= 307-14 | pmid=20821343 | doi=10.1007/s11060-010-0386-3 | pmc=PMC2945461 | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=20821343 }} </ref> Meningiomas may appear at any age, but are most commonly noticed among patients older than 50 years of age.<ref name="wiki">Meningioma. Wikipedia(2015) https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meningioma#cite_note-pmid7731706-9 Accessed on September, 25th 2015</ref> Females are more commonly affected with meningiomas than males.<ref name="pmid20821343">{{cite journal| author=Wiemels J, Wrensch M, Claus EB| title=Epidemiology and etiology of meningioma. | journal=J Neurooncol | year= 2010 | volume= 99 | issue= 3 | pages= 307-14 | pmid=20821343 | doi=10.1007/s11060-010-0386-3 | pmc=PMC2945461 | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=20821343 }} </ref> Meningioma usually affects individuals of the african american race. Caucasian and latin american individuals are less likely to develop meningioma.<ref name="pmid20821343">{{cite journal| author=Wiemels J, Wrensch M, Claus EB| title=Epidemiology and etiology of meningioma. | journal=J Neurooncol | year= 2010 | volume= 99 | issue= 3 | pages= 307-14 | pmid=20821343 | doi=10.1007/s11060-010-0386-3 | pmc=PMC2945461 | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=20821343 }} </ref> There is insufficient evidence to recommend routine screening for meningioma. Meningioma must be differentiated from other diseases that cause similar symptoms such as [[schwannoma]], [[hemangiopericytoma]], and solitary [[fibrous]] [[tumor]].<ref name="path">Meningioma. Liberpathology(2015) http://librepathology.org/wiki/index.php/Meningioma#Gross.2FRadiology Accessed on September, 25th 2015</ref> | | '''Meningiomas''' are relatively common neoplasm of the central nervous system that arises from arachnoidal cells which are normally involved in the protection of the [[central nervous system]] by forming a thick envelope of meninges around the [[brain]] and [[spinal cord]].<ref name="wiki">Meningioma. Wikipedia(2015) https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meningioma#cite_note-pmid7731706-9 Accessed on September, 25th 2015</ref><ref name="C">Meningioma. Canadian Cancer Society http://www.cancer.ca/en/cancer-information/cancer-type/brain-spinal/brain-and-spinal-tumours/meningioma/?region=mb September, 25th 2015</ref><ref name="radio">Meningeoma. Radiopaedia(2015)http://radiopaedia.org/articles/meningioma Accessed on September, 25th 2015</ref> |