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{{Burkitt's lymphoma}}
{{Burkitt's lymphoma}}
{{CMG}}
{{CMG}}; {{AE}} {{AS}}
==Overview==
==Overview==
==Classification==
Currently Burkitt's lymphoma can be divided into three main clinical variants: the endemic, the sporadic and the immunodeficiency-associated variants.
Endemic Burkitt lymphoma
also called African Burkitt lymphoma because it mainly occurs in Africa
the most common childhood cancer in Africa
almost always associated with Epstein-Barr virus infection
commonly affects the jaw or facial bones


Sporadic Burkitt lymphoma
Burkitt's lymphoma may be classified into 3 clinical variants: endemic Burkitt's lymphoma, sporadic Burkitt's lymphoma, and immunodeficiency-associated Burkitt's lymphoma.


also called non-African or non-endemic Burkitt lymphoma
==Classification==
the most common type of BL in North America and European countries
Burkitt's lymphoma may be classified into 3 clinical variants:<ref Name= Cancer.ca>Burkitt lymphoma. Canadian Cancer Society. http://www.cancer.ca/en/cancer-information/cancer-type/non-hodgkin-lymphoma/non-hodgkin-lymphoma/types-of-nhl/burkitt-lymphoma/?region=on Accessed on September 29, 2015</ref>
sometimes associated with the Epstein-Barr virus, but in many cases this virus is not present
* Endemic Burkitt's lymphoma
most often starts in the abdomen, but can also start in the ovaries, testicles, kidneys or other organs
* Sporadic Burkitt's lymphoma
can also involve the pleura lining the lung, central nervous system (CNS) and, uncommonly, the breast
* Immunodeficiency-associated Burkitt's lymphoma
 
Immunodeficiency-associated Burkitt lymphoma
 
tends to occur in people with weakened immune systems, typically those with HIV infection
incidence of immunodeficiency-associated BL appears to be dropping because of antiretroviral therapy (a combination of anti-HIV drugs used for treating HIV infection)
about 30–40% of cases are associated with the Epstein-Barr virus


Read more: http://www.cancer.ca/en/cancer-information/cancer-type/non-hodgkin-lymphoma/non-hodgkin-lymphoma/types-of-nhl/burkitt-lymphoma/?region=on#ixzz3n4Jktya2 
By morphology (i.e. microscopic appearance) or [[immunophenotype]], it is almost impossible to differentiate these three clinical variants. Immunodeficiency-associated Burkitt's lymphoma may demonstrate more plasmacytic appearance or more pleomorphism, but these features are not specific.
* The endemic variant occurs in equatorial Africa. It is the most common malignancy of children in this area.  Children affected with the disease often also had chronic [[malaria]] which is believed to have reduced resistance to the Epstein-Barr virus and allowed it to take hold. Disease characteristically involves the jaw or other facial bone, distal ileum, cecum, ovaries, kidney or the breast.


* The sporadic type of Burkitt lymphoma (also known as "non-African") is another form of [[non-Hodgkin lymphoma]] found outside of Africa.  The tumor cells have a similar appearance to the cancer cells of classical African or endemic Burkitt lymphoma. Again it is believed that impaired immunity provides an opening for development of the [[Epstein-Barr virus]]. Non-Hodgkins, which includes Burkitt's, accounts for 30-50% of childhood lymphoma.  Jaw is less commonly involved, comparing with the endemic variant. Ileo-cecal region is the common site of involvement.
{| style="border: 0px; font-size: 90%; margin: 3px;" align=center
|+ '''Burkitt's lymphoma classification'''
! style="background: #4479BA;; color:#FFF;" | Name
! style="background: #4479BA;; color:#FFF;" | Description
|-
| style="text-align: center; padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | '''Endemic Burkitt's lymphoma'''
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
* Also called African Burkitt's lymphoma because it mainly occurs in Africa
* The most common childhood cancer in Africa
* Almost always associated with Epstein-Barr virus infection
* Characteristically involves the jaw or other facial bone, distal ileum, cecum, ovaries, kidney or the breast
|-
| style="text-align: center; padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | '''Sporadic Burkitt's lymphoma'''
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
* Also called non-African or non-endemic Burkitt's lymphoma
* The most common type of Burkitt's lymphoma in North America and European countries
* Sometimes associated with the [[Epstein-Barr virus]], but in many cases this virus is not present
* Non-Hodgkins, which includes Burkitt's, accounts for 30-50% of childhood lymphoma  
* Ileo-cecal region is the common site of involvement
* Most often starts in the abdomen, but can also start in the ovaries, testicles, kidneys or other organs
* Jaw is less commonly involved, comparing with the endemic variant  
* Can also involve the pleura lining the lung, central nervous system (CNS) and, uncommonly, the breast
|-
| style="text-align: center; padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | '''Immunodeficiency-associated Burkitt's lymphoma'''
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
* Tends to occur in people with weakened immune systems, typically those with [[HIV]] infection
* Incidence of immunodeficiency-associated Burkitt's lymphoma appears to be dropping because of [[antiretroviral therapy]] (a combination of anti-HIV drugs used for treating HIV infection)
* About 30–40% of cases are associated with the Epstein-Barr virus
|}


* Immunodeficiency-associated Burkitt lymphoma is usually associated with [[HIV]] infection or occurs in the setting of post-transplant patients who are taking immunosuppressive drugs. Actually, Burkitt lymphoma can be the initial manifestation of[[AIDS]]. 


By morphology (i.e. microscopic appearance) or [[immunophenotype]], it is almost impossible to differentiate these three clinical variants. Immunodeficiency-associated Burkitt lymphoma may demonstrate more plasmacytic appearance or more pleomorphism, but these features are not specific.


==References==
==References==

Revision as of 13:22, 29 September 2015

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Sowminya Arikapudi, M.B,B.S. [2]

Overview

Burkitt's lymphoma may be classified into 3 clinical variants: endemic Burkitt's lymphoma, sporadic Burkitt's lymphoma, and immunodeficiency-associated Burkitt's lymphoma.

Classification

Burkitt's lymphoma may be classified into 3 clinical variants:[1]

  • Endemic Burkitt's lymphoma
  • Sporadic Burkitt's lymphoma
  • Immunodeficiency-associated Burkitt's lymphoma

By morphology (i.e. microscopic appearance) or immunophenotype, it is almost impossible to differentiate these three clinical variants. Immunodeficiency-associated Burkitt's lymphoma may demonstrate more plasmacytic appearance or more pleomorphism, but these features are not specific.

Burkitt's lymphoma classification
Name Description
Endemic Burkitt's lymphoma
  • Also called African Burkitt's lymphoma because it mainly occurs in Africa
  • The most common childhood cancer in Africa
  • Almost always associated with Epstein-Barr virus infection
  • Characteristically involves the jaw or other facial bone, distal ileum, cecum, ovaries, kidney or the breast
Sporadic Burkitt's lymphoma
  • Also called non-African or non-endemic Burkitt's lymphoma
  • The most common type of Burkitt's lymphoma in North America and European countries
  • Sometimes associated with the Epstein-Barr virus, but in many cases this virus is not present
  • Non-Hodgkins, which includes Burkitt's, accounts for 30-50% of childhood lymphoma
  • Ileo-cecal region is the common site of involvement
  • Most often starts in the abdomen, but can also start in the ovaries, testicles, kidneys or other organs
  • Jaw is less commonly involved, comparing with the endemic variant
  • Can also involve the pleura lining the lung, central nervous system (CNS) and, uncommonly, the breast
Immunodeficiency-associated Burkitt's lymphoma
  • Tends to occur in people with weakened immune systems, typically those with HIV infection
  • Incidence of immunodeficiency-associated Burkitt's lymphoma appears to be dropping because of antiretroviral therapy (a combination of anti-HIV drugs used for treating HIV infection)
  • About 30–40% of cases are associated with the Epstein-Barr virus


References

  1. ↑ Burkitt lymphoma. Canadian Cancer Society. http://www.cancer.ca/en/cancer-information/cancer-type/non-hodgkin-lymphoma/non-hodgkin-lymphoma/types-of-nhl/burkitt-lymphoma/?region=on Accessed on September 29, 2015

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