Pituitary adenoma pathophysiology: Difference between revisions
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==Overview== | ==Overview== | ||
==Pathophysiology== | ==Pathophysiology== | ||
* | *Pituitary macroadenomas are the most common suprasellar mass in adults | ||
* | *They are defined as pituitary adenomas greater than 10 mm in size | ||
*Macroadenomas are approximately twice as common as micoadenoma | |||
*Most of the cases presenting due to mass effect are due to non-secreting macroadenomas and the most common structure to be compressed by a macroadenoma is the [[optic chiasm]]. | *Most of the cases presenting due to mass effect are due to non-secreting macroadenomas and the most common structure to be compressed by a macroadenoma is the [[optic chiasm]]. | ||
*Larger adenoma can lead to hormonal imbalance due to mass effect rather than secretion | *Larger adenoma can lead to hormonal imbalance due to mass effect rather than secretion | ||
*[[Hypopituitarism]] or moderately elevated [[prolactin]] are both seen, the later due to stalk effect; prolactin release (unlike other pituitary hormones) is tonically inhibited by prolactin inhibitory hormone (a.k.a. dopamine) and as such compression of the pituitary infundibulum can result in elevation of systemic prolactin levels due to interruption of normal inhibition.<ref name=radio>Pituitary adenoma. Dr Amir Rezaee and Dr Yuranga Weerakkody. Radiopaedia.org 2015.http://radiopaedia.org/articles/pituitary-adenoma</ref> | *[[Hypopituitarism]] or moderately elevated [[prolactin]] are both seen, the later due to stalk effect; prolactin release (unlike other pituitary hormones) is tonically inhibited by prolactin inhibitory hormone (a.k.a. dopamine) and as such compression of the pituitary infundibulum can result in elevation of systemic prolactin levels due to interruption of normal inhibition.<ref name=radio>Pituitary adenoma. Dr Amir Rezaee and Dr Yuranga Weerakkody. Radiopaedia.org 2015.http://radiopaedia.org/articles/pituitary-adenoma</ref> | ||
Revision as of 14:52, 29 September 2015
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Ahmad Al Maradni, M.D. [2]
Overview
Pathophysiology
- Pituitary macroadenomas are the most common suprasellar mass in adults
- They are defined as pituitary adenomas greater than 10 mm in size
- Macroadenomas are approximately twice as common as micoadenoma
- Most of the cases presenting due to mass effect are due to non-secreting macroadenomas and the most common structure to be compressed by a macroadenoma is the optic chiasm.
- Larger adenoma can lead to hormonal imbalance due to mass effect rather than secretion
- Hypopituitarism or moderately elevated prolactin are both seen, the later due to stalk effect; prolactin release (unlike other pituitary hormones) is tonically inhibited by prolactin inhibitory hormone (a.k.a. dopamine) and as such compression of the pituitary infundibulum can result in elevation of systemic prolactin levels due to interruption of normal inhibition.[1]
References
- ↑ Pituitary adenoma. Dr Amir Rezaee and Dr Yuranga Weerakkody. Radiopaedia.org 2015.http://radiopaedia.org/articles/pituitary-adenoma