Medulloblastoma staging: Difference between revisions
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==Overview== | ==Overview== | ||
The staging of medulloblastoma is based on the modified Chang's staging system.<ref name="pmid597384">{{cite journal| author=Harisiadis L, Chang CH| title=Medulloblastoma in children: a correlation between staging and results of treatment. | journal=Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys | year= 1977 | volume= 2 | issue= 9-10 | pages= 833-41 | pmid=597384 | doi= | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=597384 }} </ref> | The staging of medulloblastoma is based on the modified Chang's staging system. Medulloblastoma may be stratified based on the tumor stage, patient age, and the extent of any previous surgical resection into either standard risk group patients or high risk group patients.<ref name="pmid597384">{{cite journal| author=Harisiadis L, Chang CH| title=Medulloblastoma in children: a correlation between staging and results of treatment. | journal=Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys | year= 1977 | volume= 2 | issue= 9-10 | pages= 833-41 | pmid=597384 | doi= | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=597384 }} </ref><ref name="b">Medulloblastoma staging. Wikibooks(2015) https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Radiation_Oncology/Medulloblastoma/Staging Accessed on September, 28th 2015)</ref> | ||
==Modified Chang's Staging of Medulloblastoma== | ==Modified Chang's Staging of Medulloblastoma== | ||
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===M: Distant Metastasis=== | ===M: Distant Metastasis=== | ||
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|style="font-size: 100; padding: 0 5px; background: #B8B8B8" align=center |'''M4''' ||style="font-size: 100; padding: 0 5px; background: #F5F5F5" align=left | Metastasis present outside the cerebrospinal axis | |style="font-size: 100; padding: 0 5px; background: #B8B8B8" align=center |'''M4''' ||style="font-size: 100; padding: 0 5px; background: #F5F5F5" align=left | Metastasis present outside the cerebrospinal axis | ||
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==Risk Stratification Criteria== | ==Risk Stratification Criteria== | ||
* Medulloblastoma may be stratified based on the patient age | * Medulloblastoma may be stratified based on the tumor stage, patient age, and the extent of any previous surgical resection into either standard risk group patients or high risk group patients.<ref name="pmid23245832">{{cite journal| author=Bartlett F, Kortmann R, Saran F| title=Medulloblastoma. | journal=Clin Oncol (R Coll Radiol) | year= 2013 | volume= 25 | issue= 1 | pages= 36-45 | pmid=23245832 | doi=10.1016/j.clon.2012.09.008 | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=23245832 }} </ref> | ||
* The risk stratification criteria may help predict the treatment protocol that should be used for medulloblastoma patients. | * The risk stratification criteria may help predict the treatment protocol that should be used for medulloblastoma patients. | ||
* The table below demonstrates the risk stratification criteria for medulloblastoma patients:<ref name="pmid23245832">{{cite journal| author=Bartlett F, Kortmann R, Saran F| title=Medulloblastoma. | journal=Clin Oncol (R Coll Radiol) | year= 2013 | volume= 25 | issue= 1 | pages= 36-45 | pmid=23245832 | doi=10.1016/j.clon.2012.09.008 | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=23245832 }} </ref> | * The table below demonstrates the risk stratification criteria for medulloblastoma patients:<ref name="pmid23245832">{{cite journal| author=Bartlett F, Kortmann R, Saran F| title=Medulloblastoma. | journal=Clin Oncol (R Coll Radiol) | year= 2013 | volume= 25 | issue= 1 | pages= 36-45 | pmid=23245832 | doi=10.1016/j.clon.2012.09.008 | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=23245832 }} </ref><ref name="b">Medulloblastoma staging. Wikibooks(2015) https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Radiation_Oncology/Medulloblastoma/Staging Accessed on September, 28th 2015)</ref> | ||
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:::M1-M3 stage '''or''' presence of leptomeningeal seeding | :::M1-M3 stage '''or''' presence of leptomeningeal seeding | ||
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==References== | ==References== | ||
Revision as of 23:39, 30 September 2015
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Medulloblastoma Microchapters |
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Case studies |
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Medulloblastoma staging On the Web |
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American Roentgen Ray Society Images of Medulloblastoma staging |
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Risk calculators and risk factors for Medulloblastoma staging |
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Haytham Allaham, M.D. [2]
Overview
The staging of medulloblastoma is based on the modified Chang's staging system. Medulloblastoma may be stratified based on the tumor stage, patient age, and the extent of any previous surgical resection into either standard risk group patients or high risk group patients.[1][2]
Modified Chang's Staging of Medulloblastoma
The staging of medulloblastoma is based on the modified Chang staging system.[1]
T: Primary Tumor
| T | Description |
| TX | Primary tumor cannot be assessed |
| T0 | There is no evidence of primary tumor |
| T1 | Tumor size <3 cm in diameter |
| T2 | Tumor size ≥3 cm in diameter with no evidence of extension |
| T3a | Tumor size >3 cm in diameter with extension into aqueduct of Sylvius or foramen of Luschka |
| T3b | Tumor size >3 cm in diameter with definite spread into the brain stem |
| T4 | Tumor size >3 cm in diameter with extension past aqueduct of Sylvius or down past foramen magnum |
M: Distant Metastasis
| M | Description |
| M0 | No evidence of metastasis |
| M1 | Microscopic tumor cells presemt in the cerebrospinal fluid |
| M2 | Gross nodular seeding present intracranially beyond the primary site |
| M3 | Gross nodular seeding present in the spinal subarachnoid space |
| M4 | Metastasis present outside the cerebrospinal axis |
Risk Stratification Criteria
- Medulloblastoma may be stratified based on the tumor stage, patient age, and the extent of any previous surgical resection into either standard risk group patients or high risk group patients.[3]
- The risk stratification criteria may help predict the treatment protocol that should be used for medulloblastoma patients.
- The table below demonstrates the risk stratification criteria for medulloblastoma patients:[3][2]
| Parameters | Standard Risk Group | High Risk Group |
|---|---|---|
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Age |
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Extent of previous surgical resection |
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|
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Stage according to modified Chang's system |
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References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Harisiadis L, Chang CH (1977). "Medulloblastoma in children: a correlation between staging and results of treatment". Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2 (9–10): 833–41. PMID 597384.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Medulloblastoma staging. Wikibooks(2015) https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Radiation_Oncology/Medulloblastoma/Staging Accessed on September, 28th 2015)
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 Bartlett F, Kortmann R, Saran F (2013). "Medulloblastoma". Clin Oncol (R Coll Radiol). 25 (1): 36–45. doi:10.1016/j.clon.2012.09.008. PMID 23245832.