Medulloblastoma staging: Difference between revisions
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==Overview== | ==Overview== | ||
The staging of medulloblastoma is based on the modified Chang's staging system. Medulloblastoma may be stratified based on the tumor stage, patient age, and the extent of any previous surgical resection into either standard risk group patients or high risk group patients.<ref name="pmid597384">{{cite journal| author=Harisiadis L, Chang CH| title=Medulloblastoma in children: a correlation between staging and results of treatment. | journal=Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys | year= 1977 | volume= 2 | issue= 9-10 | pages= 833-41 | pmid=597384 | doi= | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=597384 }} </ref><ref name="b">Medulloblastoma staging. Wikibooks(2015) https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Radiation_Oncology/Medulloblastoma/Staging Accessed on September, 28th 2015)</ref> | The staging of medulloblastoma is based on the modified Chang's staging system. Medulloblastoma may be stratified based on the [[tumor]] stage, patient age, and the extent of any previous surgical resection into either standard risk group patients or high risk group patients.<ref name="pmid597384">{{cite journal| author=Harisiadis L, Chang CH| title=Medulloblastoma in children: a correlation between staging and results of treatment. | journal=Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys | year= 1977 | volume= 2 | issue= 9-10 | pages= 833-41 | pmid=597384 | doi= | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=597384 }} </ref><ref name="b">Medulloblastoma staging. Wikibooks(2015) https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Radiation_Oncology/Medulloblastoma/Staging Accessed on September, 28th 2015)</ref> | ||
==Modified Chang's Staging of Medulloblastoma== | ==Modified Chang's Staging of Medulloblastoma== | ||
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| style="padding: 0 5px; font-size: 100%; background: #4682B4; color: #FFFFFF; width: 10%" align=center |'''T'''||style="padding: 0 5px; font-size: 100%; background: #4682B4; color: #FFFFFF" align=center |'''Description''' | | style="padding: 0 5px; font-size: 100%; background: #4682B4; color: #FFFFFF; width: 10%" align=center |'''T'''||style="padding: 0 5px; font-size: 100%; background: #4682B4; color: #FFFFFF" align=center |'''Description''' | ||
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|style="font-size: 100; padding: 0 5px; background: #B8B8B8" align=center |'''TX''' || style="font-size: 100; padding: 0 5px; background: #F5F5F5" align=left |Primary tumor cannot be assessed | |style="font-size: 100; padding: 0 5px; background: #B8B8B8" align=center |'''TX''' || style="font-size: 100; padding: 0 5px; background: #F5F5F5" align=left |Primary [[tumor]] cannot be assessed | ||
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|style="font-size: 100; padding: 0 5px; background: #B8B8B8" align=center |'''T3a''' ||style="font-size: 100; padding: 0 5px; background: #F5F5F5" align=left |Tumor size >3 cm in diameter with extension into aqueduct of Sylvius or foramen of Luschka | |style="font-size: 100; padding: 0 5px; background: #B8B8B8" align=center |'''T3a''' ||style="font-size: 100; padding: 0 5px; background: #F5F5F5" align=left |Tumor size >3 cm in diameter with extension into [[aqueduct of Sylvius]] or foramen of [[Luschka]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
|style="font-size: 100; padding: 0 5px; background: #B8B8B8" align=center |'''T3b''' ||style="font-size: 100; padding: 0 5px; background: #F5F5F5" align=left |Tumor size >3 cm in diameter with definite spread into the brain stem | |style="font-size: 100; padding: 0 5px; background: #B8B8B8" align=center |'''T3b''' ||style="font-size: 100; padding: 0 5px; background: #F5F5F5" align=left |Tumor size >3 cm in diameter with definite spread into the [[brain stem]] | ||
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|style="font-size: 100; padding: 0 5px; background: #B8B8B8" align=center |'''T4''' ||style="font-size: 100; padding: 0 5px; background: #F5F5F5" align=left | Tumor size >3 cm in diameter with extension past aqueduct of Sylvius or down past foramen magnum | |style="font-size: 100; padding: 0 5px; background: #B8B8B8" align=center |'''T4''' ||style="font-size: 100; padding: 0 5px; background: #F5F5F5" align=left | Tumor size >3 cm in diameter with extension past aqueduct of Sylvius or down past [[foramen magnum]] | ||
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|style="font-size: 100; padding: 0 5px; background: #B8B8B8" align=center |'''M1''' ||style="font-size: 100; padding: 0 5px; background: #F5F5F5" align=left | Microscopic tumor cells | |style="font-size: 100; padding: 0 5px; background: #B8B8B8" align=center |'''M1''' ||style="font-size: 100; padding: 0 5px; background: #F5F5F5" align=left | Microscopic tumor cells present in the [[cerebrospinal fluid]] | ||
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|style="font-size: 100; padding: 0 5px; background: #B8B8B8" align=center |'''M2''' ||style="font-size: 100; padding: 0 5px; background: #F5F5F5" align=left |Gross nodular seeding present intracranially beyond the primary site | |style="font-size: 100; padding: 0 5px; background: #B8B8B8" align=center |'''M2''' ||style="font-size: 100; padding: 0 5px; background: #F5F5F5" align=left |Gross [[nodular]] seeding present intracranially beyond the primary site | ||
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|style="font-size: 100; padding: 0 5px; background: #B8B8B8" align=center |'''M3''' ||style="font-size: 100; padding: 0 5px; background: #F5F5F5" align=left | Gross nodular seeding present in the spinal subarachnoid space | |style="font-size: 100; padding: 0 5px; background: #B8B8B8" align=center |'''M3''' ||style="font-size: 100; padding: 0 5px; background: #F5F5F5" align=left | Gross nodular seeding present in the spinal [[subarachnoid space]] | ||
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==Risk Stratification Criteria== | ==Risk Stratification Criteria== | ||
* Medulloblastoma may be stratified based on the tumor stage, patient age, and the extent of any previous surgical resection into either standard risk group patients or high risk group patients.<ref name="pmid23245832">{{cite journal| author=Bartlett F, Kortmann R, Saran F| title=Medulloblastoma. | journal=Clin Oncol (R Coll Radiol) | year= 2013 | volume= 25 | issue= 1 | pages= 36-45 | pmid=23245832 | doi=10.1016/j.clon.2012.09.008 | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=23245832 }} </ref> | * Medulloblastoma may be stratified based on the tumor stage, patient age, and the extent of any previous [[surgical resection]] into either a standard risk group of patients or a high risk group of patients.<ref name="pmid23245832">{{cite journal| author=Bartlett F, Kortmann R, Saran F| title=Medulloblastoma. | journal=Clin Oncol (R Coll Radiol) | year= 2013 | volume= 25 | issue= 1 | pages= 36-45 | pmid=23245832 | doi=10.1016/j.clon.2012.09.008 | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=23245832 }} </ref> | ||
* The risk stratification criteria may help predict the | * The risk stratification criteria may help predict the protocol that should be used for the treatment of medulloblastoma patients. | ||
* The table below demonstrates the risk stratification criteria for medulloblastoma patients:<ref name="pmid23245832">{{cite journal| author=Bartlett F, Kortmann R, Saran F| title=Medulloblastoma. | journal=Clin Oncol (R Coll Radiol) | year= 2013 | volume= 25 | issue= 1 | pages= 36-45 | pmid=23245832 | doi=10.1016/j.clon.2012.09.008 | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=23245832 }} </ref><ref name="b">Medulloblastoma staging. Wikibooks(2015) https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Radiation_Oncology/Medulloblastoma/Staging Accessed on September, 28th 2015)</ref> | * The table below demonstrates the risk stratification criteria for medulloblastoma patients:<ref name="pmid23245832">{{cite journal| author=Bartlett F, Kortmann R, Saran F| title=Medulloblastoma. | journal=Clin Oncol (R Coll Radiol) | year= 2013 | volume= 25 | issue= 1 | pages= 36-45 | pmid=23245832 | doi=10.1016/j.clon.2012.09.008 | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=23245832 }} </ref><ref name="b">Medulloblastoma staging. Wikibooks(2015) https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Radiation_Oncology/Medulloblastoma/Staging Accessed on September, 28th 2015)</ref> | ||
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Stage according to modified Chang's system | Stage according to modified Chang's system | ||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | | | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | | ||
:::M0 stage confirmed by MRI and CSF sampling | :::M0 stage confirmed by [[MRI]] and [[CSF]] sampling | ||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | | | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | | ||
:::M1-M3 stage '''or''' presence of leptomeningeal seeding | :::M1-M3 stage '''or''' presence of [[leptomeningeal]] seeding | ||
|} | |} | ||
Revision as of 01:04, 1 October 2015
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Medulloblastoma Microchapters |
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Diagnosis |
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Treatment |
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Case studies |
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Medulloblastoma staging On the Web |
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American Roentgen Ray Society Images of Medulloblastoma staging |
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Risk calculators and risk factors for Medulloblastoma staging |
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Haytham Allaham, M.D. [2]
Overview
The staging of medulloblastoma is based on the modified Chang's staging system. Medulloblastoma may be stratified based on the tumor stage, patient age, and the extent of any previous surgical resection into either standard risk group patients or high risk group patients.[1][2]
Modified Chang's Staging of Medulloblastoma
The staging of medulloblastoma is based on the modified Chang staging system.[1]
T: Primary Tumor
| T | Description |
| TX | Primary tumor cannot be assessed |
| T0 | There is no evidence of primary tumor |
| T1 | Tumor size <3 cm in diameter |
| T2 | Tumor size ≥3 cm in diameter with no evidence of extension |
| T3a | Tumor size >3 cm in diameter with extension into aqueduct of Sylvius or foramen of Luschka |
| T3b | Tumor size >3 cm in diameter with definite spread into the brain stem |
| T4 | Tumor size >3 cm in diameter with extension past aqueduct of Sylvius or down past foramen magnum |
M: Distant Metastasis
| M | Description |
| M0 | No evidence of metastasis |
| M1 | Microscopic tumor cells present in the cerebrospinal fluid |
| M2 | Gross nodular seeding present intracranially beyond the primary site |
| M3 | Gross nodular seeding present in the spinal subarachnoid space |
| M4 | Metastasis present outside the cerebrospinal axis |
Risk Stratification Criteria
- Medulloblastoma may be stratified based on the tumor stage, patient age, and the extent of any previous surgical resection into either a standard risk group of patients or a high risk group of patients.[3]
- The risk stratification criteria may help predict the protocol that should be used for the treatment of medulloblastoma patients.
- The table below demonstrates the risk stratification criteria for medulloblastoma patients:[3][2]
| Parameters | Standard Risk Group | High Risk Group |
|---|---|---|
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Age |
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Extent of previous surgical resection |
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Stage according to modified Chang's system |
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References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Harisiadis L, Chang CH (1977). "Medulloblastoma in children: a correlation between staging and results of treatment". Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2 (9–10): 833–41. PMID 597384.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Medulloblastoma staging. Wikibooks(2015) https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Radiation_Oncology/Medulloblastoma/Staging Accessed on September, 28th 2015)
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 Bartlett F, Kortmann R, Saran F (2013). "Medulloblastoma". Clin Oncol (R Coll Radiol). 25 (1): 36–45. doi:10.1016/j.clon.2012.09.008. PMID 23245832.