Zollinger-Ellison syndrome overview: Difference between revisions
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==Differentiating Zollinger-Ellison syndrome from other Diseases== | ==Differentiating Zollinger-Ellison syndrome from other Diseases== | ||
Zollinger-Ellison syndrome must be differentiated from gastric antrum syndrome<ref name="pmid14201408">{{cite journal| author=SCOBIE BA, MCGILL DB, PRIESTLEY JT, ROVELSTAD RA| title=EXCLUDED GASTRIC ANTRUM SIMULATING THE ZOLLINGER-ELLISON SYNDROME. | journal=Gastroenterology | year= 1964 | volume= 47 | issue= | pages= 184-7 | pmid=14201408 | doi= | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=14201408 }} </ref>, antral G-cell hyperplasia, [[peptic ulcer]], [[gastroesophageal reflux disease]] (GERD), and hypergastrinemia. | Zollinger-Ellison syndrome must be differentiated from gastric antrum syndrome<ref name="pmid14201408">{{cite journal| author=SCOBIE BA, MCGILL DB, PRIESTLEY JT, ROVELSTAD RA| title=EXCLUDED GASTRIC ANTRUM SIMULATING THE ZOLLINGER-ELLISON SYNDROME. | journal=Gastroenterology | year= 1964 | volume= 47 | issue= | pages= 184-7 | pmid=14201408 | doi= | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=14201408 }} </ref>, antral G-cell hyperplasia, [[peptic ulcer]], [[gastroesophageal reflux disease]] (GERD), and hypergastrinemia. | ||
==References== | ==Epidemiology and Demographics== | ||
The incidence of [[gastrinoma]], which can cause Zollinger-Ellison syndrome, is approximately 0.5-2/million population/year worldwide.<ref name="pmid22261919">{{cite journal| author=Jensen RT, Cadiot G, Brandi ML, de Herder WW, Kaltsas G, Komminoth P et al.| title=ENETS Consensus Guidelines for the management of patients with digestive neuroendocrine neoplasms: functional pancreatic endocrine tumor syndromes. | journal=Neuroendocrinology | year= 2012 | volume= 95 | issue= 2 | pages= 98-119 | pmid=22261919 | doi=10.1159/000335591 | pmc=PMC3701449 | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=22261919 }} </ref>. About 25 to 30 percent of gastrinomas are caused by multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 ([[MEN1]]).<ref name="NIDDK">National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases.http://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/health-topics/digestive-diseases/zollinger-ellison-syndrome/Pages/facts.aspx#causes</ref> | |||
==Natural History, Complications and Prognosis== | |||
If left untreated, patients with Zollinger-Ellison syndrome may progress to develop [[abdominal pain]], [[diarrhea]], and [[heartburn]]<ref name="pmid11144036">{{cite journal| author=Roy PK, Venzon DJ, Shojamanesh H, Abou-Saif A, Peghini P, Doppman JL et al.| title=Zollinger-Ellison syndrome. Clinical presentation in 261 patients. | journal=Medicine (Baltimore) | year= 2000 | volume= 79 | issue= 6 | pages= 379-411 | pmid=11144036 | doi= | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=11144036 }} </ref>. Common complications of Zollinger-Ellison syndrome include [[upper gastrointestinal bleeding]], [[anemia]], and [[duodenal ulcer perforation]]. Prognosis is generally good, and the 5 and 10-year survival rate of patients with Zollinger-Ellison syndrome is approximately 94% and 75%, respectively.<ref name="pmid7903006">{{cite journal| author=Melvin WS, Johnson JA, Sparks J, Innes JT, Ellison EC| title=Long-term prognosis of Zollinger-Ellison syndrome in multiple endocrine neoplasia. | journal=Surgery | year= 1993 | volume= 114 | issue= 6 | pages= 1183-8 | pmid=7903006 | doi= | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=7903006 }} </ref>==References== | |||
{{Reflist|2}} | {{Reflist|2}} | ||
{{WH}} | {{WH}} | ||
Revision as of 16:43, 2 October 2015
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Mohamad Alkateb, MBBCh [2]
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Overview
Patients with Zollinger-Ellison syndrome may experience abdominal pain and diarrhea. The diagnosis is also suspected in patients without symptoms who have severe ulceration of the stomach and small bowel, especially if they fail to respond to treatment.
Gastrinomas may occur as single tumors or as multiple, small tumors. About one-half to two-thirds of single gastrinomas are malignant tumors that most commonly spread to the liver and lymph nodes near the pancreas and small bowel. Nearly 25 percent of patients with gastrinomas have multiple tumors as part of a condition called multiple endocrine neoplasia type I (MEN I). MEN I patients have tumors in their pituitary gland and parathyroid glands in addition to tumors of the pancreas.
Historical Perspective
Zollinger-Ellison syndrome was first discovered by Zollinger RM and Ellison EH in 1955.[1]
Pathophysiology
Development of Zollinger-Ellison syndrome is the result of increased levels of gastrin due to an existing gastrinoma in the duodenum or pancreas.[1]
Causes
The cause of Zollinger-Ellison syndrome has not been identified. However, 25 to 30 percent of gastrinomas, which can cause Zollinger-Ellison syndrome, are caused by multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (MEN1).[2]
Differentiating Zollinger-Ellison syndrome from other Diseases
Zollinger-Ellison syndrome must be differentiated from gastric antrum syndrome[3], antral G-cell hyperplasia, peptic ulcer, gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), and hypergastrinemia.
Epidemiology and Demographics
The incidence of gastrinoma, which can cause Zollinger-Ellison syndrome, is approximately 0.5-2/million population/year worldwide.[4]. About 25 to 30 percent of gastrinomas are caused by multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (MEN1).[2]
Natural History, Complications and Prognosis
If left untreated, patients with Zollinger-Ellison syndrome may progress to develop abdominal pain, diarrhea, and heartburn[5]. Common complications of Zollinger-Ellison syndrome include upper gastrointestinal bleeding, anemia, and duodenal ulcer perforation. Prognosis is generally good, and the 5 and 10-year survival rate of patients with Zollinger-Ellison syndrome is approximately 94% and 75%, respectively.[6]==References==
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Zollinger-Ellison syndrome 2015.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zollinger%E2%80%93Ellison_syndrome
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases.http://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/health-topics/digestive-diseases/zollinger-ellison-syndrome/Pages/facts.aspx#causes
- ↑ SCOBIE BA, MCGILL DB, PRIESTLEY JT, ROVELSTAD RA (1964). "EXCLUDED GASTRIC ANTRUM SIMULATING THE ZOLLINGER-ELLISON SYNDROME". Gastroenterology. 47: 184–7. PMID 14201408.
- ↑ Jensen RT, Cadiot G, Brandi ML, de Herder WW, Kaltsas G, Komminoth P; et al. (2012). "ENETS Consensus Guidelines for the management of patients with digestive neuroendocrine neoplasms: functional pancreatic endocrine tumor syndromes". Neuroendocrinology. 95 (2): 98–119. doi:10.1159/000335591. PMC 3701449. PMID 22261919.
- ↑ Roy PK, Venzon DJ, Shojamanesh H, Abou-Saif A, Peghini P, Doppman JL; et al. (2000). "Zollinger-Ellison syndrome. Clinical presentation in 261 patients". Medicine (Baltimore). 79 (6): 379–411. PMID 11144036.
- ↑ Melvin WS, Johnson JA, Sparks J, Innes JT, Ellison EC (1993). "Long-term prognosis of Zollinger-Ellison syndrome in multiple endocrine neoplasia". Surgery. 114 (6): 1183–8. PMID 7903006.