Angiomyolipoma natural history, complications and prognosis

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [2] Associate Editor-In-Chief: Cafer Zorkun, M.D., Ph.D. [3], Faizan Sheraz, M.D. [4]

Overview

If left untreated, small angiomyolipomas and those without dilated blood vessels (aneurysms) cause few symptoms. Small angiomyolipomas are associated with the most favorable prognosis. Common complications of angiomyolipoma include infection, hemorrhage, and shock.

Natural History

If left untreated, small angiomyolipomas and those without dilated blood vessels (aneurysms) cause few problems. Angiomyolipomas grow as rapidly as 4 cm in one year.

Complications

Common complications of angiomyolipoma include:

• Infections
• Urinary obstruction
• Intestinal obstruction
• Shock
• Hemorrhage

• 
  Retroperitoneal hemorrhage from renal angiomyolipoma.

Prognosis

Small angiomyolipomas are associated with the most favorable prognosis. An angiomyolipoma larger than 5 cm and those containing an aneurysm pose a significant risk of rupture, which is a medical emergency as it is potentially life-threatening. Cumulative risk of hemorrhage is estimated to be:

• 10% among males
• 20% among females