Bladder cancer surgery

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Steven C. Campbell, M.D., Ph.D.

Surgery

Most people will have surgery to treat bladder cancer. The type of surgery you have will depend on the type of tumour and the stage of the cancer.

• Transurethral resection (TUR) is most often used to remove tumours that are only in the lining of the bladder and have not grown into the muscle layer of the bladder wall (called non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer). It is also the first step in diagnosing and treating more advanced tumours.

• Partial, or segmental, cystectomy removes the tumour and part of the bladder.

• Radical cystectomy removes all of the bladder along with the surrounding fatty tissue and nearby lymph nodes. Some reproductive organs may also be removed.

• Urinary diversion to create a urinary path is needed after the bladder is removed with a radical cystectomy.