Vulvar cancer pathophysiology: Difference between revisions
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* [[HPV|Human papillomaviruses]] subtypes 16 and 18 (High risk) play an essential role in the pathogenesis of vulvar cancer. Once [[HPV]] enters an epithelial cell, the virus begins to make the proteins it encodes. | * [[HPV|Human papillomaviruses]] subtypes 16 and 18 (High risk) play an essential role in the pathogenesis of vulvar cancer. Once [[HPV]] enters an epithelial cell, the virus begins to make the proteins it encodes. | ||
* Two of the proteins made by high-risk HPVs (E6 and E7) interfere with cell functions that normally prevent excessive growth, helping the cell to grow in an uncontrolled manner and to avoid cell death. Many times these infected cells are recognized by the immune system and eliminated. Sometimes, however, these infected cells are not destroyed, and a persistent infection results. As the persistently infected cells continue to grow, they may develop mutations in cellular genes that promote even more abnormal cell growth. | * Two of the proteins made by high-risk HPVs (E6 and E7) interfere with cell functions that normally prevent excessive growth, helping the cell to grow in an uncontrolled manner and to avoid cell death. Many times these infected cells are recognized by the immune system and eliminated. Sometimes, however, these infected cells are not destroyed, and a persistent infection results. As the persistently infected cells continue to grow, they may develop mutations in cellular genes that promote even more abnormal cell growth. | ||
* HPV- related vulvar carcinoma is most commonly seen in younger women. [[ | * HPV- related vulvar carcinoma is most commonly seen in younger women. [[ Vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia]] (VIN), related to HPV infection, subsequently leads to invasive vulvar cancer.<ref> The Histopathology of Vulvar Neoplasia. Glown. http://www.glowm.com/section_view/heading/The%2520Histopathology%2520of%2520Vulvar%2520Neoplasia/item/256#13421 URL Accessed on September 30, 2015</ref> | ||
==Gross Patholgy== | ==Gross Patholgy== | ||
Revision as of 12:41, 7 October 2015
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Monalisa Dmello, M.B,B.S., M.D. [2]
Overview
Development of vulvar cancer is the result of multiple genetic mutations.
Pathogenesis
- Human papillomaviruses subtypes 16 and 18 (High risk) play an essential role in the pathogenesis of vulvar cancer. Once HPV enters an epithelial cell, the virus begins to make the proteins it encodes.
- Two of the proteins made by high-risk HPVs (E6 and E7) interfere with cell functions that normally prevent excessive growth, helping the cell to grow in an uncontrolled manner and to avoid cell death. Many times these infected cells are recognized by the immune system and eliminated. Sometimes, however, these infected cells are not destroyed, and a persistent infection results. As the persistently infected cells continue to grow, they may develop mutations in cellular genes that promote even more abnormal cell growth.
- HPV- related vulvar carcinoma is most commonly seen in younger women. Vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia (VIN), related to HPV infection, subsequently leads to invasive vulvar cancer.[1]
Gross Patholgy
Microscopic Pathology
Histologic subtypes of vulvar cancer include:[2][3][4][5]
- Vulvar carcinomas
- Squamous cell carcinoma
- Basal cell carcinoma
- Vulvar Paget disease
- Adenocarcinoma
- Transitional cell carcinoma
- Verrucous carcinoma
- Merkel cell tumors
- Vulvar malignant melanoma
- Vulvar sarcoma
- Leiomyosarcoma
- Malignant fibrous histiocytoma
- Epithelial sarcoma
| Vulvar Carcinomas Subtype | Features on Gross Pathology | Features on Histopathological Microscopic Analysis |
| Squamous cell carcinoma of vulva |
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| Basal cell carcinoma of vulva |
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| Vulvar melanoma |
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References
- ↑ The Histopathology of Vulvar Neoplasia. Glown. http://www.glowm.com/section_view/heading/The%2520Histopathology%2520of%2520Vulvar%2520Neoplasia/item/256#13421 URL Accessed on September 30, 2015
- ↑ Hoffman, Barbara (2012). Williams gynecology. New York: McGraw-Hill Medical. ISBN 9780071716727.
- ↑ Malignant melanoma. Libre pathology. http://librepathology.org/wiki/index.php/Malignant_melanoma. URL Accessed on September 30, 2015
- ↑ Basal cell carcinoma . Libre pathology. http://librepathology.org/wiki/index.php/Basal_cell_carcinoma. URL Accessed on September 30, 2015
- ↑ Squamous cell carcinoma. Libre pathology. http://librepathology.org/wiki/index.php/Squamous_cell_carcinoma. URL Accessed on September 30, 2015