Ependymoma natural history: Difference between revisions

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*Other factors that have been reported to be associated with poor prognosis for pediatric ependymoma include expression of the enzymatic subunit of [[telomerase]] (hTERT) and expression of the neural stem cell marker Nestin.<ref name="pmid16575002">{{cite journal| author=Tabori U, Ma J, Carter M, Zielenska M, Rutka J, Bouffet E et al.| title=Human telomere reverse transcriptase expression predicts progression and survival in pediatric intracranial ependymoma. | journal=J Clin Oncol | year= 2006 | volume= 24 | issue= 10 | pages= 1522-8 | pmid=16575002 | doi=10.1200/JCO.2005.04.2127 | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=16575002  }} </ref><ref name="pmid23076205">{{cite journal| author=Modena P, Buttarelli FR, Miceli R, Piccinin E, Baldi C, Antonelli M et al.| title=Predictors of outcome in an AIEOP series of childhood ependymomas: a multifactorial analysis. | journal=Neuro Oncol | year= 2012 | volume= 14 | issue= 11 | pages= 1346-56 | pmid=23076205 | doi=10.1093/neuonc/nos245 | pmc=PMC3480268 | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=23076205  }} </ref>
*Other factors that have been reported to be associated with poor prognosis for pediatric ependymoma include expression of the enzymatic subunit of [[telomerase]] (hTERT) and expression of the neural stem cell marker Nestin.<ref name="pmid16575002">{{cite journal| author=Tabori U, Ma J, Carter M, Zielenska M, Rutka J, Bouffet E et al.| title=Human telomere reverse transcriptase expression predicts progression and survival in pediatric intracranial ependymoma. | journal=J Clin Oncol | year= 2006 | volume= 24 | issue= 10 | pages= 1522-8 | pmid=16575002 | doi=10.1200/JCO.2005.04.2127 | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=16575002  }} </ref><ref name="pmid23076205">{{cite journal| author=Modena P, Buttarelli FR, Miceli R, Piccinin E, Baldi C, Antonelli M et al.| title=Predictors of outcome in an AIEOP series of childhood ependymomas: a multifactorial analysis. | journal=Neuro Oncol | year= 2012 | volume= 14 | issue= 11 | pages= 1346-56 | pmid=23076205 | doi=10.1093/neuonc/nos245 | pmc=PMC3480268 | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=23076205  }} </ref>


*Tumor location. Cranial variants of ependymoma have a less favorable outcome than primary [[spinal cord]] ependymomas.[19,20] Location within the spinal cord may also affect outcome, with tumors in the lower portion of the spinal cord having a worse prognosis.<ref name="pmid282-8">{{cite journal| author=Nozaki M| title=[Combined use of bucolome and pyrazolone derivatives (II). Complex formation due to interaction between bucolome and pyrazolones]. | journal=Nihon Yakurigaku Zasshi | year= 1975 | volume= 71 | issue= 6 | pages= 631-9 | pmid=282-8 | doi= | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=282 }} </ref>
*Tumor location. Cranial variants of ependymoma have a less favorable outcome than primary [[spinal cord]] ependymomas. Location within the spinal cord may also affect outcome, with tumors in the lower portion of the spinal cord having a worse prognosis.<ref name="pmid23259510">{{cite journal| author=Oh MC, Sayegh ET, Safaee M, Sun MZ, Kaur G, Kim JM et al.| title=Prognosis by tumor location for pediatric spinal cord ependymomas. | journal=J Neurosurg Pediatr | year= 2013 | volume= 11 | issue= 3 | pages= 282-8 | pmid=23259510 | doi=10.3171/2012.11.PEDS12292 | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=23259510 }} </ref>
*Younger age at diagnosis.<ref name="pmid1303-12">{{cite journal| author=White F| title=Epidemiology and infection control. | journal=Dimens Health Serv | year= 1975 | volume= 52 | issue= 12 | pages= 34, 37, 39 | pmid=1303-12 | doi= | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=1303  }} </ref>
*Younger age at diagnosis.<ref name="pmid1303-12">{{cite journal| author=White F| title=Epidemiology and infection control. | journal=Dimens Health Serv | year= 1975 | volume= 52 | issue= 12 | pages= 34, 37, 39 | pmid=1303-12 | doi= | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=1303  }} </ref>
*[[Anaplastic|Anaplastic histology]].<ref name="pmid1303-12">{{cite journal| author=White F| title=Epidemiology and infection control. | journal=Dimens Health Serv | year= 1975 | volume= 52 | issue= 12 | pages= 34, 37, 39 | pmid=1303-12 | doi= | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=1303  }} </ref><ref name="pmid1230-7">{{cite journal| author=Hunter AL, Klaassen CD| title=Biliary excretion of colchicine in newborn rats. | journal=Drug Metab Dispos | year= 1975 | volume= 3 | issue= 6 | pages= 530-5 | pmid=1230-7 | doi= | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=1230  }} </ref>
*[[Anaplastic|Anaplastic histology]].<ref name="pmid1303-12">{{cite journal| author=White F| title=Epidemiology and infection control. | journal=Dimens Health Serv | year= 1975 | volume= 52 | issue= 12 | pages= 34, 37, 39 | pmid=1303-12 | doi= | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=1303  }} </ref><ref name="pmid1230-7">{{cite journal| author=Hunter AL, Klaassen CD| title=Biliary excretion of colchicine in newborn rats. | journal=Drug Metab Dispos | year= 1975 | volume= 3 | issue= 6 | pages= 530-5 | pmid=1230-7 | doi= | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=1230  }} </ref>

Revision as of 13:45, 9 October 2015

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Ahmad Al Maradni, M.D. [2]

Overview

Complication

Common complications associated with ependymomas are:

Prognosis

Unfavorable factors affecting outcome include the following:[1]

  • Gain of chromosome 1q25 is present in approximately 20% of pediatric intracranial ependymoma cases and has been reported as a negative prognostic factor by multiple research groups.[2][3]
  • Gene expression profile.[4]
  • Other factors that have been reported to be associated with poor prognosis for pediatric ependymoma include expression of the enzymatic subunit of telomerase (hTERT) and expression of the neural stem cell marker Nestin.[5][6]
  • Tumor location. Cranial variants of ependymoma have a less favorable outcome than primary spinal cord ependymomas. Location within the spinal cord may also affect outcome, with tumors in the lower portion of the spinal cord having a worse prognosis.[7]
  • Younger age at diagnosis.[8]
  • Anaplastic histology.[8][9]
  • Subtotal resection.[8]
  • Lower doses of radiation.[10]
  • Immunohistochemical testing has identified increased expression of markers of proliferation (e.g., Ki-67 and MIB-1)[11][12] and increased expression of EZH2, a polycomb complex protein involved in epigenetic regulation of gene expression, as prognostic factors for greater risk of treatment failure.[13]

References

  1. ↑ Eoendymoma. http://www.cancer.gov/types/brain/hp/child-ependymoma-treatment-pdq#section/_35 URL Accessed on 10 6 2015.
  2. ↑ Godfraind C, Kaczmarska JM, Kocak M, Dalton J, Wright KD, Sanford RA; et al. (2012). "Distinct disease-risk groups in pediatric supratentorial and posterior fossa ependymomas". Acta Neuropathol. 124 (2): 247–57. doi:10.1007/s00401-012-0981-9. PMC 3554251. PMID 22526017.
  3. ↑ Mendrzyk F, Korshunov A, Benner A, Toedt G, Pfister S, Radlwimmer B; et al. (2006). "Identification of gains on 1q and epidermal growth factor receptor overexpression as independent prognostic markers in intracranial ependymoma". Clin Cancer Res. 12 (7 Pt 1): 2070–9. doi:10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-05-2363. PMID 16609018.
  4. ↑ Wani K, Armstrong TS, Vera-Bolanos E, Raghunathan A, Ellison D, Gilbertson R; et al. (2012). "A prognostic gene expression signature in infratentorial ependymoma". Acta Neuropathol. 123 (5): 727–38. doi:10.1007/s00401-012-0941-4. PMC 4013829. PMID 22322993.
  5. ↑ Tabori U, Ma J, Carter M, Zielenska M, Rutka J, Bouffet E; et al. (2006). "Human telomere reverse transcriptase expression predicts progression and survival in pediatric intracranial ependymoma". J Clin Oncol. 24 (10): 1522–8. doi:10.1200/JCO.2005.04.2127. PMID 16575002.
  6. ↑ Modena P, Buttarelli FR, Miceli R, Piccinin E, Baldi C, Antonelli M; et al. (2012). "Predictors of outcome in an AIEOP series of childhood ependymomas: a multifactorial analysis". Neuro Oncol. 14 (11): 1346–56. doi:10.1093/neuonc/nos245. PMC 3480268. PMID 23076205.
  7. ↑ Oh MC, Sayegh ET, Safaee M, Sun MZ, Kaur G, Kim JM; et al. (2013). "Prognosis by tumor location for pediatric spinal cord ependymomas". J Neurosurg Pediatr. 11 (3): 282–8. doi:10.3171/2012.11.PEDS12292. PMID 23259510.
  8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 8.2 White F (1975). "Epidemiology and infection control". Dimens Health Serv. 52 (12): 34, 37, 39. PMID 1303-12 Check |pmid= value (help).
  9. ↑ Hunter AL, Klaassen CD (1975). "Biliary excretion of colchicine in newborn rats". Drug Metab Dispos. 3 (6): 530–5. PMID 1230-7 Check |pmid= value (help).
  10. ↑ Davison C, Benziger D, Fritz A, Edelson J (1975). "Absorption and disposition of 2-[4-(2,2-dichlorocyclopropyl)phenoxy]-2-methylpropanoic acid, WIN 35,833, in rats, monkeys, and men". Drug Metab Dispos. 3 (6): 520–4. PMID 1228-35 Check |pmid= value (help).
  11. ↑ Davis JM (1975). "Overview: maintenance therapy in psychiatry: I. Schizophrenia". Am J Psychiatry. 132 (12): 1237–45. PMID 914-20 Check |pmid= value (help).
  12. ↑ Nilsson SF, Peterson PA (1975). "Studies on thyroid hormone-binding proteins. I. The subunit structure of human thyroxine-binding globulin and its interaction with ligands". J Biol Chem. 250 (21): 8543–53. PMID 388-95 Check |pmid= value (help).
  13. ↑ Ezer E, Szporny L (1975). "A complementary method for the quantitative evaluation of rat stomach with Shay-ulcer". J Pharm Pharmacol. 27 (11): 866–7. PMID 1499-507 Check |pmid= value (help).

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