Optic nerve glioma differential diagnosis

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Simrat Sarai, M.D. [2]

Overview

Optic nerve glioma must be differentiated from other diseases that cause optic nerve enlargement such as optic nerve sheath meningioma, orbital pseudotumor, optic neuritis, orbital lymphomas, metastasis, fibrous dysplasia, paranasal mucocele, rhabdomyosarcoma, neurofibromatosis, perioptic haemorrhage, Erdheim-Chester disease, juvenile xanthogranuloma, medulloepithelioma, retinoblastoma, Krabbe disease, optic nerve and chiasm glioma such as germinoma and sarcoidosis, and optic chiasm glioma extending into the hypothalamus such as pituitary adenoma, craniopharyngioma, malignant astrocytoma, dermoid cyst, chordoma, colloid cyst, histiocytosis X, tuberculous granuloma, and hemangloendothelioma.

Differentiating Optic nerve glioma from other diseases

Optic nerve must be differentiated from other diseases that cause optic nerve enlargement. The differential diagnosis of optic nerve glioma include:

• Optic nerve sheath meningioma
• Orbital pseudotumor
• Optic neuritis
• Orbital lymphoma
• Metastases (Neuroblastoma, Leukemia, Ewing's sarcoma)
• Fibrous dysplasia
• Paranasal mucocele
• Hemangioma
• Rhabdomyosarcoma
• Neurofibromatosis
• Perioptic haemorrhage
• Erdheim-Chester disease
• Juvenile xanthogranuloma
• Medulloepithelioma
• Retinoblastoma
• Krabbe disease
• Optic nerve and chiasm glioma:
  • Germinoma
  • Sarcoidosis
• Optic chiasm glioma extending into the hypothalamus:
  • Pituitary adenoma
  • Craniopharyngioma
  • Malignant astrocytoma
  • Dermoid cyst
  • Chordoma
  • Colloid cyst
  • Histiocytosis X
  • Tuberculous granuloma
  • Hemangloendothelioma