Thyroid adenoma laboratory findings

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Ammu Susheela, M.D. [2]

Overview

Laboratory findings consistent with the diagnosis of thyroid adenoma include decreased thyroid stimulating hormone, elevated calcitonin, and decreased calcium.

Laboratory Findings

• Blood or imaging tests may be done prior to or in lieu of a biopsy. The possibility of a nodule which secretes thyroid hormone (which is less likely to be cancer) or hypothyroidism is investigated by measuring thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), thyroid hormones thyroxine (T4), and triiodothyronine (T3).
• Tests for serum thyroid autoantibodies are sometimes done to rule out autoimmune thyroid disease (which can mimic nodular disease).

• Laboratory findings consistent with the diagnosis of multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2 are tabulated below.

Laboratory findings

Test	Findings
Metabolic	Decreased thyroid stimulating hormone Antithyroid antibodies Elevated calcitonin Decreased calcium
Adapted from Arzu Tatlıpınar1 and İlkay Kartal [Updated 2015].The Evaluation of Thyroid Nodules. Journal of Thyroid Disorders & Therapy.2015.

Laboratory tests Normal Range Abnormal value Serum Thyroid stimulating hormone 0.4 - 4.0 milli-international units per liter <0.4 or >4.0 Antithyroid antibodies <35 IU/mL >35 IU/mL Serum calcitonin less than 10pg/mL >=100 pg/mL                           A patient with thyroid nodule                                                                                                                                                               Normal thyroid stimulating hormone               Low thyroid stimulating hormone                                                                                                                                   <1cm suspicious nodule     >1cm nodule           Thyroid nuclear scan                                                                                                                                                               Ultrasound guided fine needle aspiration cytology classical     Fine needle aspiration cytology       Hot nodule       Cold nodule                                                                                                                                                 Fine needle aspiration cytology                       References