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==Epidemiology and Demographics== | ==Epidemiology and Demographics== | ||
===Incidence=== | ===Incidence=== | ||
The incidence of retinoblastoma in US is approximately 4.3 cases per 1000,000 children under 15 years of age.<ref name="SEER"> Retinoblastoma. SEER(2015) http://seer.cancer.gov/csr/1975_2012/results_merged/sect_29_childhood_cancer_iccc.pdf#search=retinoblastoma Accessed on October 2 2015</ref> The age-adjusted annual incidence in children aged 0 to 4 years is 10 to 14 cases per 1 million (approximately one in 14,000–18,000 live births).<ref name="NIH"> Retinoblastoma. National Cancer institute(2015) http://www.cancer.gov/types/retinoblastoma/hp/retinoblastoma-treatment-pdq Accessed on October 2 2015</ref> In the US, there are 250 to 350 new cases of retinoblastoma per year. Retinoblastoma presents with cumulative lifetime incidence rate of 1 case of retinoblastoma per 18000 to 30000 live births worldwide.<ref name="pmid15579980">{{cite journal| author=Abramson DH, Schefler AC| title=Update on retinoblastoma. | journal=Retina | year= 2004 | volume= 24 | issue= 6 | pages= 828-48 | pmid=15579980 | doi= | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=15579980 }} </ref> | The incidence of retinoblastoma in US is approximately 4.3 cases per 1000,000 children under 15 years of age.<ref name="SEER"> Retinoblastoma. SEER(2015) http://seer.cancer.gov/csr/1975_2012/results_merged/sect_29_childhood_cancer_iccc.pdf#search=retinoblastoma Accessed on October 2 2015</ref> The age-adjusted annual incidence in children aged 0 to 4 years is 10 to 14 cases per 1 million (approximately one in 14,000–18,000 live births).<ref name="NIH"> Retinoblastoma. National Cancer institute(2015) http://www.cancer.gov/types/retinoblastoma/hp/retinoblastoma-treatment-pdq Accessed on October 2 2015</ref> In the US, there are 250 to 350 new cases of retinoblastoma per year. Retinoblastoma presents with cumulative lifetime incidence rate of 1 case of retinoblastoma per 18000 to 30000 live births worldwide.<ref name="pmid15579980">{{cite journal| author=Abramson DH, Schefler AC| title=Update on retinoblastoma. | journal=Retina | year= 2004 | volume= 24 | issue= 6 | pages= 828-48 | pmid=15579980 | doi= | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=15579980 }} </ref> 90% of the retinoblastoma cases are diagnosed before three years of age. | ||
===Age=== | ===Age=== | ||
The median age at diagnosis of retinoblastoma is 18 months. An average age at diagnosis of retinoblastoma for children with bilateral disease is 12 months and for children with unilateral disease an average age at diagnosis is 24 months.<ref name="pmid9544909">{{cite journal| author=Abramson DH, Frank CM, Susman M, Whalen MP, Dunkel IJ, Boyd NW| title=Presenting signs of retinoblastoma. | journal=J Pediatr | year= 1998 | volume= 132 | issue= 3 Pt 1 | pages= 505-8 | pmid=9544909 | doi= | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=9544909 }} </ref> Approximately 95% of children with retinoblastoma present before the age of 5 years.<ref name="pmid18621794">{{cite journal| author=Broaddus E, Topham A, Singh AD| title=Incidence of retinoblastoma in the USA: 1975-2004. | journal=Br J Ophthalmol | year= 2009 | volume= 93 | issue= 1 | pages= 21-3 | pmid=18621794 | doi=10.1136/bjo.2008.138750 | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=18621794 }} </ref>. However, cases of newly diagnosed retinoblastoma have been reported in children as old as 18 years<ref name="pmid4132770">{{cite journal| author=Binder PS| title=Unusual manifestations of retinoblastoma. | journal=Am J Ophthalmol | year= 1974 | volume= 77 | issue= 5 | pages= 674-9 | pmid=4132770 | doi= | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=4132770 }} </ref><ref name="pmid6830100">{{cite journal| author=Zakka KA, Yee RD, Foos RY| title=Retinoblastoma in a 12-year-old girl. | journal=Ann Ophthalmol | year= 1983 | volume= 15 | issue= 1 | pages= 88-91 | pmid=6830100 | doi= | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=6830100 }} </ref><ref name="pmid1018212 [">{{cite journal| author=Shields JA, Michelson JB, Leonard BC, Thompson R| title=Retinoblastoma in an eighteen-year-old male. | journal=J Pediatr Ophthalmol | year= 1976 | volume= 13 | issue= 5 | pages= 274-7 | pmid=1018212 [ | doi= | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=1018212 }} </ref><ref name="pmid2023762">{{cite journal| author=Shields CL, Shields JA, Shah P| title=Retinoblastoma in older children. | journal=Ophthalmology | year= 1991 | volume= 98 | issue= 3 | pages= 395-9 | pmid=2023762 | doi= | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=2023762 }} </ref> and even in adults.<ref name="pmid6856254">{{cite journal| author=Takahashi T, Tamura S, Inoue M, Isayama Y, Sashikata T| title=Retinoblastoma in a 26-year-old adult. | journal=Ophthalmology | year= 1983 | volume= 90 | issue= 2 | pages= 179-83 | pmid=6856254 | doi= | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=6856254 }} </ref><ref name="pmid9373097">{{cite journal| author=Biswas J| title=Unilateral retinoblastoma in an adult. | journal=Ophthalmology | year= 1997 | volume= 104 | issue= 11 | pages= 1728 | pmid=9373097 | doi= | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=9373097 }} </ref><ref name="pmid70718[">{{cite journal| author=Berkeley JS, Kalita BC| title=Retinoblastoma in an adult. | journal=Lancet | year= 1977 | volume= 2 | issue= 8036 | pages= 508-9 | pmid=70718[ | doi= | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=70718 }} </ref> | The median age at diagnosis of retinoblastoma is 18 months. An average age at diagnosis of retinoblastoma for children with bilateral disease is 12 months and for children with unilateral disease an average age at diagnosis is 24 months.<ref name="pmid9544909">{{cite journal| author=Abramson DH, Frank CM, Susman M, Whalen MP, Dunkel IJ, Boyd NW| title=Presenting signs of retinoblastoma. | journal=J Pediatr | year= 1998 | volume= 132 | issue= 3 Pt 1 | pages= 505-8 | pmid=9544909 | doi= | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=9544909 }} </ref> Approximately 95% of children with retinoblastoma present before the age of 5 years.<ref name="pmid18621794">{{cite journal| author=Broaddus E, Topham A, Singh AD| title=Incidence of retinoblastoma in the USA: 1975-2004. | journal=Br J Ophthalmol | year= 2009 | volume= 93 | issue= 1 | pages= 21-3 | pmid=18621794 | doi=10.1136/bjo.2008.138750 | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=18621794 }} </ref>. However, cases of newly diagnosed retinoblastoma have been reported in children as old as 18 years<ref name="pmid4132770">{{cite journal| author=Binder PS| title=Unusual manifestations of retinoblastoma. | journal=Am J Ophthalmol | year= 1974 | volume= 77 | issue= 5 | pages= 674-9 | pmid=4132770 | doi= | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=4132770 }} </ref><ref name="pmid6830100">{{cite journal| author=Zakka KA, Yee RD, Foos RY| title=Retinoblastoma in a 12-year-old girl. | journal=Ann Ophthalmol | year= 1983 | volume= 15 | issue= 1 | pages= 88-91 | pmid=6830100 | doi= | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=6830100 }} </ref><ref name="pmid1018212 [">{{cite journal| author=Shields JA, Michelson JB, Leonard BC, Thompson R| title=Retinoblastoma in an eighteen-year-old male. | journal=J Pediatr Ophthalmol | year= 1976 | volume= 13 | issue= 5 | pages= 274-7 | pmid=1018212 [ | doi= | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=1018212 }} </ref><ref name="pmid2023762">{{cite journal| author=Shields CL, Shields JA, Shah P| title=Retinoblastoma in older children. | journal=Ophthalmology | year= 1991 | volume= 98 | issue= 3 | pages= 395-9 | pmid=2023762 | doi= | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=2023762 }} </ref> and even in adults.<ref name="pmid6856254">{{cite journal| author=Takahashi T, Tamura S, Inoue M, Isayama Y, Sashikata T| title=Retinoblastoma in a 26-year-old adult. | journal=Ophthalmology | year= 1983 | volume= 90 | issue= 2 | pages= 179-83 | pmid=6856254 | doi= | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=6856254 }} </ref><ref name="pmid9373097">{{cite journal| author=Biswas J| title=Unilateral retinoblastoma in an adult. | journal=Ophthalmology | year= 1997 | volume= 104 | issue= 11 | pages= 1728 | pmid=9373097 | doi= | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=9373097 }} </ref><ref name="pmid70718[">{{cite journal| author=Berkeley JS, Kalita BC| title=Retinoblastoma in an adult. | journal=Lancet | year= 1977 | volume= 2 | issue= 8036 | pages= 508-9 | pmid=70718[ | doi= | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=70718 }} </ref> | ||
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===Race=== | ===Race=== | ||
There is no racial predilection to the development of retinoblastoma.<ref name="pmid18621794">{{cite journal| author=Broaddus E, Topham A, Singh AD| title=Incidence of retinoblastoma in the USA: 1975-2004. | journal=Br J Ophthalmol | year= 2009 | volume= 93 | issue= 1 | pages= 21-3 | pmid=18621794 | doi=10.1136/bjo.2008.138750 | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=18621794 }} </ref> | There is no racial predilection to the development of retinoblastoma.<ref name="pmid18621794">{{cite journal| author=Broaddus E, Topham A, Singh AD| title=Incidence of retinoblastoma in the USA: 1975-2004. | journal=Br J Ophthalmol | year= 2009 | volume= 93 | issue= 1 | pages= 21-3 | pmid=18621794 | doi=10.1136/bjo.2008.138750 | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=18621794 }} </ref> | ||
==References== | ==References== | ||
<references/> | <references/> | ||
Revision as of 21:01, 15 October 2015
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Simrat Sarai, M.D. [2]
Overview
The incidence of retinoblastoma in US is approximately 4.3 cases per 1000,000 children under 15 years of age.[1] The median age at diagnosis of retinoblastoma is 18 months. An average age at diagnosis of retinoblastoma for children with bilateral disease is 12 months and for children with unilateral disease an average age at diagnosis is 24 months.[2] Retinoblastoma affects males and females equally.[3] There is no racial predilection to the development of retinoblastoma.[3]
Epidemiology and Demographics
Incidence
The incidence of retinoblastoma in US is approximately 4.3 cases per 1000,000 children under 15 years of age.[1] The age-adjusted annual incidence in children aged 0 to 4 years is 10 to 14 cases per 1 million (approximately one in 14,000–18,000 live births).[4] In the US, there are 250 to 350 new cases of retinoblastoma per year. Retinoblastoma presents with cumulative lifetime incidence rate of 1 case of retinoblastoma per 18000 to 30000 live births worldwide.[5] 90% of the retinoblastoma cases are diagnosed before three years of age.
Age
The median age at diagnosis of retinoblastoma is 18 months. An average age at diagnosis of retinoblastoma for children with bilateral disease is 12 months and for children with unilateral disease an average age at diagnosis is 24 months.[2] Approximately 95% of children with retinoblastoma present before the age of 5 years.[3]. However, cases of newly diagnosed retinoblastoma have been reported in children as old as 18 years[6][7][8][9] and even in adults.[10][11][12]
Gender
Retinoblastoma affects males and females equally.[3]
Race
There is no racial predilection to the development of retinoblastoma.[3]
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Retinoblastoma. SEER(2015) http://seer.cancer.gov/csr/1975_2012/results_merged/sect_29_childhood_cancer_iccc.pdf#search=retinoblastoma Accessed on October 2 2015
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Abramson DH, Frank CM, Susman M, Whalen MP, Dunkel IJ, Boyd NW (1998). "Presenting signs of retinoblastoma". J Pediatr. 132 (3 Pt 1): 505–8. PMID 9544909.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 Broaddus E, Topham A, Singh AD (2009). "Incidence of retinoblastoma in the USA: 1975-2004". Br J Ophthalmol. 93 (1): 21–3. doi:10.1136/bjo.2008.138750. PMID 18621794.
- ↑ Retinoblastoma. National Cancer institute(2015) http://www.cancer.gov/types/retinoblastoma/hp/retinoblastoma-treatment-pdq Accessed on October 2 2015
- ↑ Abramson DH, Schefler AC (2004). "Update on retinoblastoma". Retina. 24 (6): 828–48. PMID 15579980.
- ↑ Binder PS (1974). "Unusual manifestations of retinoblastoma". Am J Ophthalmol. 77 (5): 674–9. PMID 4132770.
- ↑ Zakka KA, Yee RD, Foos RY (1983). "Retinoblastoma in a 12-year-old girl". Ann Ophthalmol. 15 (1): 88–91. PMID 6830100.
- ↑ Shields JA, Michelson JB, Leonard BC, Thompson R (1976). "Retinoblastoma in an eighteen-year-old male". J Pediatr Ophthalmol. 13 (5): 274–7. PMID [ 1018212 [ Check
|pmid=value (help). - ↑ Shields CL, Shields JA, Shah P (1991). "Retinoblastoma in older children". Ophthalmology. 98 (3): 395–9. PMID 2023762.
- ↑ Takahashi T, Tamura S, Inoue M, Isayama Y, Sashikata T (1983). "Retinoblastoma in a 26-year-old adult". Ophthalmology. 90 (2): 179–83. PMID 6856254.
- ↑ Biswas J (1997). "Unilateral retinoblastoma in an adult". Ophthalmology. 104 (11): 1728. PMID 9373097.
- ↑ Berkeley JS, Kalita BC (1977). "Retinoblastoma in an adult". Lancet. 2 (8036): 508–9. PMID [ 70718[ Check
|pmid=value (help).