Glucagonoma physical examination

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Parminder Dhingra, M.D. [2]

Overview

Common physical examination findings of glucagonoma include tachycardia, fever, rash, muscle atrophy, cotton wool spots, flame hemorrhage, and dot and blot hemorrhage on fundoscopic examination of the eye may be present.

Physical Examination

Common physical examination findings of glucagonoma include:

General Appearance

• Patients with glucagonoma are generally well-appearing
• Patient may appear thin and cachectic in advanced cases

Vital Signs

• Tachycardia may be present
• Fever may be present

Skin

• Rash: Erythematous, ring shaped rash that blisters, erodes, and crusts over suggesting necrolytic migratory erythema

HEENT

The ophthalmoscopic exam may be abnormal with findings of cotton wool spots, flame hemorrhage, and dot and blot hemorrhage.

Heart

Tachycardia may be present

Extremities

• Muscle atrophy may be present
• Unilateral calf or thigh tenderness
• Unilateral calf or thigh swelling
• Unilateral calf or thigh warmth
• Unilateral calf or thigh erythema
• Palpable cord (a thickened palpable vein suggestive of thrombosed vein)
• Dilatation of unilateral collateral superficial veins

Neuromuscular

• Patient is oriented to persons, place, and time
• Hyporeflexia may be present
• Unilateral/bilateral sensory loss in the upper/lower extremity may be present
• Muscle atrophy may be present
• Vibration and Joint position sense may be decreased

References

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