Anaplastic large cell lymphoma overview: Difference between revisions
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==Overview== | ==Overview== | ||
Anaplastic large cell lymphoma is an aggressive (fast-growing) type of [[non-Hodgkin lymphoma]] that is usually of the T-cell type.<ref>NCI Dictionary of Cancer Terms. National Cancer Institute. http://www.cancer.gov/publications/dictionaries/cancer-terms?cdrid=45552 Accessed on October 6, 2015</ref> The anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALCL) ALK-positive ('''A'''naplastic '''L'''lymphoma '''K'''inase) characterized by the proliferation of [[CD30]]-positive T-cells which have an abundant cytoplasm, a pleomorphic nucleus (horseshoe-shaped nucleus), and an eosinophilic paranuclear region.<ref name="pmid9490693">{{cite journal| author=Benharroch D, Meguerian-Bedoyan Z, Lamant L, Amin C, Brugières L, Terrier-Lacombe MJ et al.| title=ALK-positive lymphoma: a single disease with a broad spectrum of morphology. | journal=Blood | year= 1998 | volume= 91 | issue= 6 | pages= 2076-84 | pmid=9490693 | doi= | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=9490693 }} </ref>ALK negative ALCL [[T-cell]]s express [[CD30]], but not the ALK ('''A'''naplastic '''L'''ymphoma '''K'''inase) chimeric protein,<ref name=Swerdlow>{{cite book | last = Swerdlow | first = Steven | title = WHO classification of tumours of haematopoietic and lymphoid tissues | publisher = International Agency for Research on Cancer | location = Lyon, France | year = 2008 | isbn = 9789283224310 }}</ref> which explains the difference in clinical outcome compared to that of [[ALK(+)-ALCL]].<ref name="pmid25461779">{{cite journal| author=Xing X, Feldman AL| title=Anaplastic large cell lymphomas: ALK positive, ALK negative, and primary cutaneous. | journal=Adv Anat Pathol | year= 2015 | volume= 22 | issue= 1 | pages= 29-49 | pmid=25461779 | doi=10.1097/PAP.0000000000000047 | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=25461779 }} </ref> | Anaplastic large cell lymphoma is an aggressive (fast-growing) type of [[non-Hodgkin lymphoma]] that is usually of the T-cell type.<ref>NCI Dictionary of Cancer Terms. National Cancer Institute. http://www.cancer.gov/publications/dictionaries/cancer-terms?cdrid=45552 Accessed on October 6, 2015</ref> The anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALCL) ALK-positive ('''A'''naplastic '''L'''lymphoma '''K'''inase) characterized by the proliferation of [[CD30]]-positive T-cells which have an abundant cytoplasm, a pleomorphic nucleus (horseshoe-shaped nucleus), and an eosinophilic paranuclear region.<ref name="pmid9490693">{{cite journal| author=Benharroch D, Meguerian-Bedoyan Z, Lamant L, Amin C, Brugières L, Terrier-Lacombe MJ et al.| title=ALK-positive lymphoma: a single disease with a broad spectrum of morphology. | journal=Blood | year= 1998 | volume= 91 | issue= 6 | pages= 2076-84 | pmid=9490693 | doi= | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=9490693 }} </ref>ALK negative ALCL [[T-cell]]s express [[CD30]], but not the ALK ('''A'''naplastic '''L'''ymphoma '''K'''inase) chimeric protein,<ref name=Swerdlow>{{cite book | last = Swerdlow | first = Steven | title = WHO classification of tumours of haematopoietic and lymphoid tissues | publisher = International Agency for Research on Cancer | location = Lyon, France | year = 2008 | isbn = 9789283224310 }}</ref> which explains the difference in clinical outcome compared to that of [[ALK(+)-ALCL]].<ref name="pmid25461779">{{cite journal| author=Xing X, Feldman AL| title=Anaplastic large cell lymphomas: ALK positive, ALK negative, and primary cutaneous. | journal=Adv Anat Pathol | year= 2015 | volume= 22 | issue= 1 | pages= 29-49 | pmid=25461779 | doi=10.1097/PAP.0000000000000047 | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=25461779 }} </ref>Anaplastic lymphoma kinase positive large B-cell lymphoma (ALK+ LBCL) was first described by Delsol and colleagues in 1997. In 2008, the World Health Organization (WHO) added anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) negative anaplastic large cell lymphoma and anaplastic lymphoma kinase positive large B-cell lymphoma as provisional entities in the [[peripheral T-cell lymphoma]] classification. Anaplastic large cell lymphoma may be classified into several subtypes based on immunophenotype, clinical presentation, and histology.The ''ALK'' gene is involved in the pathogenesis of ALK positive anaplastic large cell lymphoma. The ''DUSP22 '' gene is involved in the pathogenesis of ALK negative anaplastic large cell lymphoma. On microscopic histopathological analysis, medium sized cells, abundant cytoplasm, kidney shaped nuclei, and paranuclear eosinophilic region are characteristic findings of anaplastic large cell lymphoma. There are no established causes for anaplastic large cell lymphoma. Anaplastic large cell lymphoma must be differentiated from other diseases such as [[metastatic]] [[carcinoma]], [[B cell lymphoma]], primary cutaneous T-cell lymphoma, [[rhabdomyosarcoma]], peripheral T-cell lymphoma-not otherwise specified, [[classical Hodgkin's lymphoma]], and [[diffuse large B cell lymphoma]]. Anaplastic large cell lymphoma is a common disease that tends to affect children or young adults. Males are more commonly affected with anaplastic large cell lymphoma than females.<small><ref Name= Cancer.ca> Anaplastic large cell lymphoma. Canadian Cancer Society. http://www.cancer.ca/en/cancer-information/cancer-type/non-hodgkin-lymphoma/non-hodgkin-lymphoma/types-of-nhl/anaplastic-large-cell-lymphoma/?region=on Accessed on October 7, 2015</ref></small> | ||
==Historical Perspective== | |||
Anaplastic lymphoma kinase positive large B-cell lymphoma (ALK+ LBCL) was first described by Delsol and colleagues in 1997. In 2008, the World Health Organization (WHO) added anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) negative anaplastic large cell lymphoma and anaplastic lymphoma kinase positive large B-cell lymphoma as provisional entities in the [[peripheral T-cell lymphoma]] classification. | |||
==Classification== | |||
Anaplastic large cell lymphoma may be classified into several subtypes based on immunophenotype, clinical presentation, and histology. | |||
==Pathophysiology== | |||
The ''ALK'' gene is involved in the pathogenesis of ALK positive anaplastic large cell lymphoma. The ''DUSP22 '' gene is involved in the pathogenesis of ALK negative anaplastic large cell lymphoma. On microscopic histopathological analysis, medium sized cells, abundant cytoplasm, kidney shaped nuclei, and paranuclear eosinophilic region are characteristic findings of anaplastic large cell lymphoma. | |||
==Causes== | |||
There are no established causes for anaplastic large cell lymphoma. | |||
==Differential Diagnosis== | |||
Anaplastic large cell lymphoma must be differentiated from other diseases such as [[metastatic]] [[carcinoma]], [[B cell lymphoma]], primary cutaneous T-cell lymphoma, [[rhabdomyosarcoma]], peripheral T-cell lymphoma-not otherwise specified, [[classical Hodgkin's lymphoma]], and [[diffuse large B cell lymphoma]]. | |||
==Epidemiology and Demographics== | |||
Anaplastic large cell lymphoma is a common disease that tends to affect children or young adults. Males are more commonly affected with anaplastic large cell lymphoma than females.<small><ref Name= Cancer.ca> Anaplastic large cell lymphoma. Canadian Cancer Society. http://www.cancer.ca/en/cancer-information/cancer-type/non-hodgkin-lymphoma/non-hodgkin-lymphoma/types-of-nhl/anaplastic-large-cell-lymphoma/?region=on Accessed on October 7, 2015</ref></small> | |||
==References== | ==References== | ||
Revision as of 19:47, 19 October 2015
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Sowminya Arikapudi, M.B,B.S. [2]
Overview
Anaplastic large cell lymphoma is an aggressive (fast-growing) type of non-Hodgkin lymphoma that is usually of the T-cell type.[1] The anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALCL) ALK-positive (Anaplastic Llymphoma Kinase) characterized by the proliferation of CD30-positive T-cells which have an abundant cytoplasm, a pleomorphic nucleus (horseshoe-shaped nucleus), and an eosinophilic paranuclear region.[2]ALK negative ALCL T-cells express CD30, but not the ALK (Anaplastic Lymphoma Kinase) chimeric protein,[3] which explains the difference in clinical outcome compared to that of ALK(+)-ALCL.[4]Anaplastic lymphoma kinase positive large B-cell lymphoma (ALK+ LBCL) was first described by Delsol and colleagues in 1997. In 2008, the World Health Organization (WHO) added anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) negative anaplastic large cell lymphoma and anaplastic lymphoma kinase positive large B-cell lymphoma as provisional entities in the peripheral T-cell lymphoma classification. Anaplastic large cell lymphoma may be classified into several subtypes based on immunophenotype, clinical presentation, and histology.The ALK gene is involved in the pathogenesis of ALK positive anaplastic large cell lymphoma. The DUSP22 gene is involved in the pathogenesis of ALK negative anaplastic large cell lymphoma. On microscopic histopathological analysis, medium sized cells, abundant cytoplasm, kidney shaped nuclei, and paranuclear eosinophilic region are characteristic findings of anaplastic large cell lymphoma. There are no established causes for anaplastic large cell lymphoma. Anaplastic large cell lymphoma must be differentiated from other diseases such as metastatic carcinoma, B cell lymphoma, primary cutaneous T-cell lymphoma, rhabdomyosarcoma, peripheral T-cell lymphoma-not otherwise specified, classical Hodgkin's lymphoma, and diffuse large B cell lymphoma. Anaplastic large cell lymphoma is a common disease that tends to affect children or young adults. Males are more commonly affected with anaplastic large cell lymphoma than females.[5]
Historical Perspective
Anaplastic lymphoma kinase positive large B-cell lymphoma (ALK+ LBCL) was first described by Delsol and colleagues in 1997. In 2008, the World Health Organization (WHO) added anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) negative anaplastic large cell lymphoma and anaplastic lymphoma kinase positive large B-cell lymphoma as provisional entities in the peripheral T-cell lymphoma classification.
Classification
Anaplastic large cell lymphoma may be classified into several subtypes based on immunophenotype, clinical presentation, and histology.
Pathophysiology
The ALK gene is involved in the pathogenesis of ALK positive anaplastic large cell lymphoma. The DUSP22 gene is involved in the pathogenesis of ALK negative anaplastic large cell lymphoma. On microscopic histopathological analysis, medium sized cells, abundant cytoplasm, kidney shaped nuclei, and paranuclear eosinophilic region are characteristic findings of anaplastic large cell lymphoma.
Causes
There are no established causes for anaplastic large cell lymphoma.
Differential Diagnosis
Anaplastic large cell lymphoma must be differentiated from other diseases such as metastatic carcinoma, B cell lymphoma, primary cutaneous T-cell lymphoma, rhabdomyosarcoma, peripheral T-cell lymphoma-not otherwise specified, classical Hodgkin's lymphoma, and diffuse large B cell lymphoma.
Epidemiology and Demographics
Anaplastic large cell lymphoma is a common disease that tends to affect children or young adults. Males are more commonly affected with anaplastic large cell lymphoma than females.[5]
References
- ↑ NCI Dictionary of Cancer Terms. National Cancer Institute. http://www.cancer.gov/publications/dictionaries/cancer-terms?cdrid=45552 Accessed on October 6, 2015
- ↑ Benharroch D, Meguerian-Bedoyan Z, Lamant L, Amin C, Brugières L, Terrier-Lacombe MJ; et al. (1998). "ALK-positive lymphoma: a single disease with a broad spectrum of morphology". Blood. 91 (6): 2076–84. PMID 9490693.
- ↑ Swerdlow, Steven (2008). WHO classification of tumours of haematopoietic and lymphoid tissues. Lyon, France: International Agency for Research on Cancer. ISBN 9789283224310.
- ↑ Xing X, Feldman AL (2015). "Anaplastic large cell lymphomas: ALK positive, ALK negative, and primary cutaneous". Adv Anat Pathol. 22 (1): 29–49. doi:10.1097/PAP.0000000000000047. PMID 25461779.
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 Anaplastic large cell lymphoma. Canadian Cancer Society. http://www.cancer.ca/en/cancer-information/cancer-type/non-hodgkin-lymphoma/non-hodgkin-lymphoma/types-of-nhl/anaplastic-large-cell-lymphoma/?region=on Accessed on October 7, 2015