Ovarian germ cell tumor pathophysiology: Difference between revisions

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Revision as of 15:50, 17 November 2015

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Monalisa Dmello, M.B,B.S., M.D. [2]

The pathophysiology of ovarian germ cell tumor depends on the histological subtype.^[1]

Ovarian germ cell tumor subtype	Features on Gross Pathology
Dysgerminoma	External surface is smooth and bosselated (knobby)^[2] Cut surface it is soft, fleshy and either cream-coloured, gray, pink or tan
Endodermal sinus tumor or yolk sac tumors	External surface is smooth and glistening^[3] Cut surface is cystic with hemorrhage and necrosis
Embryonal Carcinoma	A poorly defined, pale grey tumor with associated haemorrhage and necrosis.^[1]
Teratoma	Teratoma-mature Solid or cystic^[4] Cystic content may contain greasy material composed of keratin, hair and teeth Teeth may be found in Rokitansky’s protuberance - a well-defined, nipple-like structure covered with hair Teratoma-immature Bulky, solid or cystic with necrosis, hemorrhage^[5]

Ovarian germ cell tumor subtype	Features on Histopathological Microscopic Analysis	Image
Dysgerminomas	Uniform cells that resemble primordial germ cells ^[2] The stroma contains lymphocytes and about 20% of patients have sarcoid-like granulomas	Micrograph a seminoma, a tumor that is histologically indistinguishable from dysgerminoma.
Endodermal sinus tumor or yolk sac tumors	Schiller-Duval bodies - key feature	Micrograph showing the yolk sac component of a mixed germ cell tumor.
Embryonal carcinoma	Main features:^[1] Nuclear atypia Nucleoli prominent Necrosis common Nuclei overlap Other features: Variable architecture: Tubulopapillary Glandular Solid Embryoid bodies - ball of cells in surrounded by empty space on three sides Mitoses common	Embryonal carcinoma
Teratoma	Mature teratoma The sections show ovarian parenchyma with a lesion consisting of benign dermal, gastrointestinal and neural elements ^[6] The neural elements show focal degenerative changes with macrophages, and giant cells Siderophages are present	Teratoma

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 Abbas, Fausto, Mitchell (2010). Basic Pathology. Elsevier. pp. 696–697. ISBN 978-81-312-1036-9.
↑ ^2.0 ^2.1 Dysgerminoma. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dysgerminoma. URL Accessed on November 12, 2015
↑ Ovary tumor Germ cell tumors Yolk sac tumor. http://www.pathologyoutlines.com/topic/ovarytumoryolksac.html. URL Accessed on November 12, 2015
↑ Ovary tumor Germ cell tumors Teratoma-mature. http://www.pathologyoutlines.com/topic/ovarytumorteratomamature.html. URL Accessed on November 12, 2015
↑ Ovary tumor Germ cell tumors Teratoma-immature. http://www.pathologyoutlines.com/topic/ovarytumorteratomaimmature.html. URL Accessed on November 12, 2015
↑ Mature teratoma. http://librepathology.org/wiki/index.php/Teratoma#Mature_teratoma. URL Accessed on November 12, 2015

@@ Line 12: / Line 12: @@
 |-
 | Dysgerminoma||
-* External surface is smooth and bosselated (knobby)
+* External surface is smooth and bosselated (knobby)<ref name= wqd> Dysgerminoma. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dysgerminoma. URL Accessed on November 12, 2015</ref>
 * Cut surface it is soft, fleshy and either cream-coloured, gray, pink or tan
 |-
@@ Line 40: / Line 40: @@
 |-
 | Dysgerminomas||
-* Uniform cells that resemble primordial germ cells
+* Uniform cells that resemble primordial germ cells <ref name= wqd> Dysgerminoma. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dysgerminoma. URL Accessed on November 12, 2015</ref>
 * The stroma contains lymphocytes and about 20% of patients have sarcoid-like granulomas
 | [[File:Dysgerminoma.jpg|thumb|none|400px|Micrograph a seminoma, a tumor that is histologically indistinguishable from dysgerminoma.]]
@@ Line 70: / Line 70: @@
 |Teratoma||
 Mature teratoma
-* The sections show ovarian parenchyma with a lesion consisting of benign dermal, gastrointestinal and neural elements
+* The sections show ovarian parenchyma with a lesion consisting of benign dermal, gastrointestinal and neural elements <ref name= wpp>Mature teratoma. http://librepathology.org/wiki/index.php/Teratoma#Mature_teratoma. URL Accessed on November 12, 2015</ref>
 * The neural elements show focal degenerative changes with macrophages, and giant cells
 * Siderophages are present
 |[[File:Teratoma.jpg|thumb|none|300px|Teratoma]]