Ovarian germ cell tumor pathophysiology: Difference between revisions

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| align="center" style="background: #4479BA;" | {{fontcolor|#FFF|'''Features on Gross Pathology'''}}
| align="center" style="background: #4479BA;" | {{fontcolor|#FFF|'''Features on Gross Pathology'''}}
|-
|-
| Dysgerminoma||
| '''Dysgerminoma'''||
* External surface is smooth and bosselated (knobby)<ref name= wqd> Dysgerminoma. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dysgerminoma. URL Accessed on November 12, 2015</ref>
* External surface is smooth and bosselated (knobby)<ref name= wqd> Dysgerminoma. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dysgerminoma. URL Accessed on November 12, 2015</ref>
* Cut surface it is soft, fleshy and either cream-coloured, gray, pink or tan
* Cut surface it is soft, fleshy and either cream-coloured, gray, pink or tan
|-
|-
|Endodermal sinus tumor or yolk sac tumors||
|'''Endodermal sinus tumor or yolk sac tumors'''||
* External surface is smooth and glistening<ref name= www> Ovary tumor Germ cell tumors Yolk sac tumor. http://www.pathologyoutlines.com/topic/ovarytumoryolksac.html. URL Accessed on November 12, 2015</ref>
* External surface is smooth and glistening<ref name= www> Ovary tumor Germ cell tumors Yolk sac tumor. http://www.pathologyoutlines.com/topic/ovarytumoryolksac.html. URL Accessed on November 12, 2015</ref>
* Cut surface is cystic with hemorrhage and necrosis
* Cut surface is cystic with hemorrhage and necrosis
|-
|-
| Embryonal Carcinoma||
| '''Embryonal Carcinoma'''||
* A poorly defined, pale grey tumor with associated [[haemorrhage]] and [[necrosis]].<ref name=Robbins>{{cite book|last=Abbas, Fausto, Mitchell|title=Basic Pathology|year=2010|publisher=Elsevier|isbn=978-81-312-1036-9|pages=696–697}}</ref>
* A poorly defined, pale grey tumor with associated [[haemorrhage]] and [[necrosis]].<ref name=Robbins>{{cite book|last=Abbas, Fausto, Mitchell|title=Basic Pathology|year=2010|publisher=Elsevier|isbn=978-81-312-1036-9|pages=696–697}}</ref>
|-
|-
| Teratoma||
| '''Teratoma'''||
Teratoma-mature
'''Teratoma-mature'''
* Solid or cystic<ref name= aaa> Ovary tumor Germ cell tumors Teratoma-mature. http://www.pathologyoutlines.com/topic/ovarytumorteratomamature.html. URL Accessed on November 12, 2015</ref>
* Solid or cystic<ref name= aaa> Ovary tumor Germ cell tumors Teratoma-mature. http://www.pathologyoutlines.com/topic/ovarytumorteratomamature.html. URL Accessed on November 12, 2015</ref>
* Cystic content may contain greasy material composed of keratin, hair and teeth
* Cystic content may contain greasy material composed of keratin, hair and teeth
* Teeth may be found in Rokitansky’s protuberance - a well-defined, nipple-like structure covered with hair
* Teeth may be found in Rokitansky’s protuberance - a well-defined, nipple-like structure covered with hair
Teratoma-immature
'''Teratoma-immature'''
* Bulky, solid or cystic with necrosis, hemorrhage<ref name= abc> Ovary tumor Germ cell tumors Teratoma-immature. http://www.pathologyoutlines.com/topic/ovarytumorteratomaimmature.html. URL Accessed on November 12, 2015</ref>
* Bulky, solid or cystic with necrosis, hemorrhage<ref name= abc> Ovary tumor Germ cell tumors Teratoma-immature. http://www.pathologyoutlines.com/topic/ovarytumorteratomaimmature.html. URL Accessed on November 12, 2015</ref>
|-
|-
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|-
|-
|-
|-
| Dysgerminomas||
|''' Dysgerminomas'''||
* Uniform cells that resemble primordial germ cells <ref name= wqd> Dysgerminoma. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dysgerminoma. URL Accessed on November 12, 2015</ref>
* Uniform cells that resemble primordial germ cells <ref name= wqd> Dysgerminoma. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dysgerminoma. URL Accessed on November 12, 2015</ref>
* The stroma contains lymphocytes and about 20% of patients have sarcoid-like granulomas
* The stroma contains lymphocytes and about 20% of patients have sarcoid-like granulomas
Line 44: Line 44:


|-
|-
|Endodermal sinus tumor or yolk sac tumors||
|'''Endodermal sinus tumor or yolk sac tumors'''||
* Schiller-Duval bodies - key feature<ref name= wrr> Endodermal sinus tumor. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endodermal_sinus_tumor. URL Accessed on November 12, 2015</ref>
* Schiller-Duval bodies - key feature<ref name= wrr> Endodermal sinus tumor. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endodermal_sinus_tumor. URL Accessed on November 12, 2015</ref>
| [[Image:800px-Mixed_germ_cell_tumour_-_high_mag.jpg|thumb|none|300px|Micrograph showing the yolk sac component of a mixed germ cell tumor.]]
| [[Image:800px-Mixed_germ_cell_tumour_-_high_mag.jpg|thumb|none|300px|Micrograph showing the yolk sac component of a mixed germ cell tumor.]]
Line 50: Line 50:


|-
|-
| Embryonal carcinoma||
|''' Embryonal carcinoma'''||
Main features:<ref name=Robbins>{{cite book|last=Abbas, Fausto, Mitchell|title=Basic Pathology|year=2010|publisher=Elsevier|isbn=978-81-312-1036-9|pages=696–697}}</ref>
Main features:<ref name=Robbins>{{cite book|last=Abbas, Fausto, Mitchell|title=Basic Pathology|year=2010|publisher=Elsevier|isbn=978-81-312-1036-9|pages=696–697}}</ref>
* Nuclear atypia
* Nuclear atypia
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|-
|-
|Teratoma||
|'''Teratoma'''||
'''Mature teratoma'''
'''Mature teratoma'''
* The sections show ovarian parenchyma with a lesion consisting of benign dermal, gastrointestinal and neural elements <ref name= wpp>Mature teratoma. http://librepathology.org/wiki/index.php/Teratoma#Mature_teratoma. URL Accessed on November 12, 2015</ref>
* The sections show ovarian parenchyma with a lesion consisting of benign dermal, gastrointestinal and neural elements <ref name= wpp>Mature teratoma. http://librepathology.org/wiki/index.php/Teratoma#Mature_teratoma. URL Accessed on November 12, 2015</ref>

Revision as of 16:07, 17 November 2015

Ovarian germ cell tumor Microchapters

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Monalisa Dmello, M.B,B.S., M.D. [2]

Overveiw

The pathophysiology of ovarian germ cell tumor depends on the histological subtype.[1]

Gross Patholgy

Ovarian germ cell tumor subtype Features on Gross Pathology
Dysgerminoma
  • External surface is smooth and bosselated (knobby)[2]
  • Cut surface it is soft, fleshy and either cream-coloured, gray, pink or tan
Endodermal sinus tumor or yolk sac tumors
  • External surface is smooth and glistening[3]
  • Cut surface is cystic with hemorrhage and necrosis
Embryonal Carcinoma
Teratoma

Teratoma-mature

  • Solid or cystic[4]
  • Cystic content may contain greasy material composed of keratin, hair and teeth
  • Teeth may be found in Rokitansky’s protuberance - a well-defined, nipple-like structure covered with hair

Teratoma-immature

  • Bulky, solid or cystic with necrosis, hemorrhage[5]

Microscopic Pathology

Ovarian germ cell tumor subtype Features on Histopathological Microscopic Analysis Image
Dysgerminomas
  • Uniform cells that resemble primordial germ cells [2]
  • The stroma contains lymphocytes and about 20% of patients have sarcoid-like granulomas
Micrograph a seminoma, a tumor that is histologically indistinguishable from dysgerminoma.
Endodermal sinus tumor or yolk sac tumors
  • Schiller-Duval bodies - key feature[6]
Micrograph showing the yolk sac component of a mixed germ cell tumor.


Embryonal carcinoma

Main features:[1]

  • Nuclear atypia
  • Nucleoli prominent
  • Necrosis common
  • Nuclei overlap

Other features:

  • Variable architecture:
  • Tubulopapillary
  • Glandular
  • Solid
  • Embryoid bodies - ball of cells in surrounded by empty space on three sides
  • Mitoses common
Embryonal carcinoma
Teratoma

Mature teratoma

  • The sections show ovarian parenchyma with a lesion consisting of benign dermal, gastrointestinal and neural elements [7]
  • The neural elements show focal degenerative changes with macrophages, and giant cells
  • Siderophages are present

Immature teratoma

  • Primitive neuroepithelium [8]
  • Neuron-specific enolase (NSE) +ve.
  • Neuron-specific B tubulin +ve.
  • Synaptophysin +ve.
Teratoma

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Abbas, Fausto, Mitchell (2010). Basic Pathology. Elsevier. pp. 696–697. ISBN 978-81-312-1036-9.
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Dysgerminoma. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dysgerminoma. URL Accessed on November 12, 2015
  3. ↑ Ovary tumor Germ cell tumors Yolk sac tumor. http://www.pathologyoutlines.com/topic/ovarytumoryolksac.html. URL Accessed on November 12, 2015
  4. ↑ Ovary tumor Germ cell tumors Teratoma-mature. http://www.pathologyoutlines.com/topic/ovarytumorteratomamature.html. URL Accessed on November 12, 2015
  5. ↑ Ovary tumor Germ cell tumors Teratoma-immature. http://www.pathologyoutlines.com/topic/ovarytumorteratomaimmature.html. URL Accessed on November 12, 2015
  6. ↑ Endodermal sinus tumor. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endodermal_sinus_tumor. URL Accessed on November 12, 2015
  7. ↑ Mature teratoma. http://librepathology.org/wiki/index.php/Teratoma#Mature_teratoma. URL Accessed on November 12, 2015
  8. ↑ Immature teratoma. http://librepathology.org/wiki/index.php/Teratoma#Mature_teratoma. URL Accessed on November 12, 2015

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