Hypoglycemia causes: Difference between revisions

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* [[Glibenclamide]]
* [[Glibenclamide]]
* [[Reye syndrome]]
* [[Reye syndrome]]
===== Causes by Organ System =====
{|style="width:80%; height:100px" border="1"
|style="height:100px"; style="width:25%" border="1" bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | '''Cardiovascular'''
|style="height:100px"; style="width:75%" border="1" bgcolor="Beige" | No underlying causes
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Chemical / poisoning'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[1,1-Dichloroethene]], [[clove]], [[ethanol]], ginsen, [[jamaican vomiting sickness]], systemic monochloroacetate poisoning
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Dermatologic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Drug Side Effect'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Acetohexamide]], [[amprenavir]], [[chloramphenicol]], [[chlorpromazine]], [[chlorpropamide]], [[cidofovir]], [[cibenzoline]], [[dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor]], [[empagliflozin]], [[ethanol]], [[ethionamide]], [[fluorodeoxyglucose]], [[gatifloxacin]], [[ginseng]], [[glibenclamide]], [[gliclazide]], [[glimepiride]], [[glipizide]], [[gliquidone]], glisolamide, [[glisoxepide]], [[glyburide]], [[insulin aspart]], [[insulin detemir]], [[insulin glargine]], [[insulin-like growth factor]], [[lanreotide]], [[levomepromazine]], [[levobunolol hydrochloride]], [[linagliptin]], [[lorcaserin]], [[mecasermin]], [[meropenem]], [[mitiglinide]], [[nateglinide]], [[nitisinone]], [[oxcarbazepine]], [[pazopanib]], [[pegvisomant]], [[penicillamine]], [[pentamidine isethionate]], [[perazine]], [[pipothiazine]], [[pramipexole]], [[pramlintide]], [[quinine]], [[repaglinide]], [[rifaximin]], [[ritonavir]], [[saxagliptin]], [[saquinavir]], [[sertraline]], [[somatostatin]], [[sulfamethoxazole]], [[temafloxacin]], [[thalidomide]], [[tolazamide]], [[tolbutamide]], [[trimethoprim]], [[vildagliptin]], [[zonisamide]]
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Ear Nose Throat'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Endocrine'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Addison's disease]], [[ACTH deficiency]], [[adrenal cancer]], [[adrenal cortex insufficiency]], [[adrenal insufficiency]], [[autoimmune adrenalitis]], [[congenital hyperinsulinism]], [[diabetes mellitus type 1]], [[diabetes mellitus type 2]], [[diabetic gastroparesis]], [[functioning pancreatic endocrine tumor]], [[glucocorticoid deficiency 1]], [[growth hormone deficiency]], [[hyperinsulinism]], [[hyperinsulinism due to glutamodehydrogenase deficiency]],[[hypopituitarism]], [[hypoglycemia]], [[hypothyroidism]], [[hypopituitarism]], [[islet cell adenoma]], [[insulin]], [[insulinoma]], [[idiopathic growth hormone deficiency]], [[ketotic hypoglycemia]], [[multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1]], [[myxedema coma]], [[nesidioblastosis]], [[pancreatic cancer]], [[sheehan's syndrome]], [[timme syndrome]], [[tyrosinemia]], [[Wilms tumor]]
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Environmental'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Gastroenterologic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Acute fatty liver of pregnancy]], [[acute liver failure]], [[cirrhosis]], [[diabetic gastroparesis]], [[diarrhea]], [[dumping syndrome]], [[functioning pancreatic endocrine tumor]], [[gastric dumping syndrome]], [[hepatic congestion]], [[hepatic failure]], [[idiopathic postprandial syndrome]], [[Insulinoma]], [[liver cancer]], [[malabsorption]], [[maldigestion]], [[reactive hypoglycemia]], [[severe hepatitis]]
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Genetic'''
| bgcolor="Beige"| [[2-methylbutyryl-coenzyme A dehydrogenase deficiency]], [[3-alpha-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency]], [[3-Methylcrotonyl-CoA carboxylase deficiency]], [[ACAD9 deficiency]], [[adrenal hypoplasia congenital, X-linked]], [[acetohexamide]], [[aldolase A deficiency]], [[alpers syndrome]], [[Beckwith-Weidemann Syndrome]] [[carbohydrate-deficient glycoprotein syndrome type 1b]], [[carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 deficiency]], [[carnitine-acylcarnitine translocase deficiency]], [[Coenzyme Q cytochrome c reductase deficiency]], [[cleft lip palate pituitary deficiency]], [[debrancher deficiency]], [[dicarboxylicaminoaciduria]], [[dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase deficiency]], [[Donohue syndrome]], [[Dopamine beta hydroxylase deficiency|dopamine beta hydroxylase deficiency]], [[familial glucocorticoid deficiency]], [[familial hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia type 3]], [[familial hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia type 5]], [[familial hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia type 7]], [[fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase deficiency]], [[fructose-1-phosphate aldolase deficiency]], [[galactose-1-phosphate uridyltransferase deficiency]], [[glucose 6 phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency]], [[glutaric acidemia type 2]], [[glucokinase mutations]], [[glycogenosis type 1a]], [[glycogenosis type 1b]], [[glycogenosis type 3]], [[glycogenosis type 6]], [[glycogenosis type 9a]], [[glycogenosis type 9b]], [[glycogenosis type 9c]], [[glycogenosis type V]], [[growth hormone deficiency]], [[hereditary ACTH resistance]], [[hepatocyte nuclear factor 1a]], [[HMG-CoA lyase deficiency]], [[hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA lyase deficiency]], [[hyperinsulinism-hyperammonemia syndrome]], [[KATP channel defects]], [[Laron dwarfism]], [[leucine-induced hypoglycaemia]], [[liver glycogen synthase deficiency]], [[malonyl-CoA decarboxylase deficiency]], [[maple syrup urine disease]], [[medium chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency]], [[methylmalonic acidemia]], [[mitochondrial DNA depletion syndrome, hepatocerebral form]], [[mitochondrial trifunctional protein deficiency]], [[monocarboxylate transporter 1]], [[navajo neurohepatopathy]], [[nesidioblastosis]], [[paternal uniparental disomy]], [[Plasma membrane carnitine transporter deficiency]], [[Propionyl-CoA carboxylase deficiency PCCA type]], [[propionic acidemia]], [[primary carnitine deficiency]], [[pyruvate carboxylase deficiency]], [[Short chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency]], [[triple A syndrome]], [[tyrosinaemia type 1]], [[uncoupling protein 2]], [[very long-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency]], [[septic shock]]
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Hematologic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Hemolytic disease of the newborn]]
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Iatrogenic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Gastrojejunostomy]], [[gastric dumping syndrome]], [[postgastrectomy syndrome]], [[pyloroplasty]], [[Reye syndrome]]
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Infectious Disease'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Acute meningitis]], [[malaria]], [[neonatal bacterial meningitis]], [[Reye's syndrome]], [[sepsis]], [[visceral leishmaniasis]]
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Musculoskeletal / Ortho'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Neurologic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Acute meningitis]], [[autonomic dystonia]], [[autonomic neuropathy]], [[elevated vagal tone]], [[Reye's syndrome]]
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Nutritional / Metabolic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Acetohexamide]], [[ACAD9 deficiency]], [[binge drinking]], [[coenzyme Q cytochrome c reductase deficiency]], [[deficiency in enzymes of fat oxidation]], [[diabetic gastroparesis]], [[dicarboxylic aminoaciduria]], [[fructose intolerance]], [[galactosemia]], [[glycogen debranching deficiency]], [[glucose-6-phosphatase deficiency]], [[hypoketonemic hypoglycemia]], [[Ketotic hypoglycemia of infancy]], [[Mcquarrie type infantile idiopathic hypoglycemia]], [[organic acidemia]], [[pyruvate carboxylase deficiency|pyruvate carboxylase deficiency]], [[phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK) deficiency]], [[urea cycle disorder]], [[glucagon deficiency]], [[fructose-1, 6-diphosphatase deficiency]], [[fructose intolerance]], [[Fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase deficiency, hereditary]], [[galactosemia]],[[fructose-1-phosphate aldolase deficiency]], [[glucose 6 phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency]], [[glutaric acidemia type 2]], [[glycogenosis type 1a]], [[glycogenosis type 1b]], [[glycogenosis type 3]], [[glycogenosis type 6]], [[glycogenosis type 9a]], [[glycogenosis type 9b]], [[glycogenosis type 9c]], [[glycogenosis type V]], [[HMG-CoA lyase deficiency]], [[HMG CoA synthetase deficiency]],[[hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA lyase deficiency]], [[inborn urea cycle disorder]], [[leucinosis]], [[long chain hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency]], [[malabsorption]], [[malonic aciduria]],[[malonyl-CoA decarboxylase deficiency]], [[maple syrup urine disease]], [[medium chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency]], [[methylmalonic acidemia]], [[nesidioblastosis]], [[organic acidemia]], [[propionic acidemia]], [[propionyl-CoA carboxylase deficiency PCCA type]], [[reactive hypoglycemia]], [[short chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency]], [[tyrosinaemia type 1]], [[very long-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency]]
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Obstetric/Gynecologic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Diabetic mother]], [[gestational diabetes]], [[intrauterine growth retardation]], [[pregnancy]], [[premature labour and/or delivery]], [[sheehan syndrome]], [[acute fatty liver of pregnancy]],[[hemolytic disease of the newborn]]
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Oncologic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Adrenal cancer]], [[breast cancer]], [[Doege-potter syndrome]], [[IGF producing tumors]], [[tumors]], [[pancreatic cancer]], [[insulinoma]], [[liver cancer]], [[mesothelioma]], [[metastatic insulinoma]]
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Opthalmologic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Overdose / Toxicity'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Acetohexamide]], [[amprenavir]], [[chloramphenicol]], [[chlorpromazine]], [[chlorpropamide]], [[cibenzoline]], [[clove]], [[ethanol]], [[ethionamide]], [[fluorodeoxyglucose]], [[gatifloxacin]], [[ginseng]], [[glibenclamide]], [[gliclazide]], [[glimepiride]], [[glipizide]], [[gliquidone]], [[glisolamide]], [[glisoxepide]], [[insulin]], [[insulin like growth factor ]], [[lanreotide]], [[levomepromazine]], [[mitiglinide]], [[nateglinide]], [[pazopanib]], [[pentamidine]], [[perazine]], [[pipothiazine]], [[pramlintide]], [[quinine]], [[repaglinide]], [[ritonavir]], [[saquinavir]], [[somatostatin]], [[sulfamethoxazole]], [[temafloxacin]], [[tolazamide]], [[tolbutamide]], [[trimethoprim]]
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Psychiatric'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Anorexia nervosa]], [[bulimia nervosa]], [[Munchausen syndrome]], [[factitious hypoglycemia]]
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Pulmonary'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Mesothelioma]]
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Renal / Electrolyte'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Benign glucosuria]], [[renal failure]], [[renal hypoglycemia]], [[uremia]]
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Rheum / Immune / Allergy'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Autoimmune adrenalitis]], [[hemolytic disease of the newborn]], [[immunopathologic hypoglycemia]], [[insulin receptor antibodies]]
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Sexual'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Trauma'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Burns]]
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Urologic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Dental'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Miscellaneous'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Alcoholism]], [[binge drinking]], [[burns]], [[cachexia]], [[chronic hypoglycemia]], [[delayed separation blood sample]], [[drip arm sample]], fasting, [[heavy exercise]], [[hepatic failure]], [[hypothermia]], [[idiopathic hypoglycemia]], [[insulin shock]], [[malnutrition]], [[Mcquarrie type infantile idiopathic hypoglycemia]], [[pregnancy]], [[sepsis]], [[starvation]], [[strenuous exercise]], [[shock]]
|-
|}
===== Causes in Alphabetical Order =====
{{columns-list|3|
* [[ACTH deficiency]]
* [[2-methylbutyryl-coenzyme a dehydrogenase deficiency]]
* [[3-alpha-hydroxyacyl-coa dehydrogenase deficiency]]
* [[3-methylcrotonyl-coa carboxylase deficiency]]
* [[6-diphosphatase deficiency]]
* [[Acad9 deficiency]]
* [[Acetohexamide]]
* [[Acute fatty liver of pregnancy]]
* [[Acute liver failure]]
* [[Acute meningitis]]
* [[Addison's disease]]
* [[Adrenal cancer]]
* [[Adrenal cortex insufficiency]]
* [[Adrenal congenital hypoplasia ]]
* [[Adrenal insufficiency]]
* [[Alcoholism]]
* [[Aldolase A deficiency]]
* [[Alpers syndrome]]
* [[Amprenavir]]
* [[Anorexia nervosa]]
* Aspart
* [[Autoimmune adrenalitis]]
* [[Beckwith-weidemann syndrome]]
* [[Benign glucosuria]]
* [[Binge drinking]]
* [[Breast cancer]]
* [[Bulimia nervosa]]
* [[Burns]]
* [[Cachexia]]
* [[Carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 deficiency]]
* [[Carnitine-acylcarnitine translocase deficiency]]
* [[Chloramphenicol]]
* [[Chlorpromazine]]
* [[Chlorpropamide]]
* [[Chronic hypoglycemia]]
* [[Cibenzoline]]
* [[Cidofovir]]
* [[Cirrhosis]]
* [[Cleft lip palate pituitary deficiency]]
* [[Clove]]
* [[Coenzyme Q cytochrome c reductase deficiency]]
* [[Congenital hyperinsulinism]]
* [[Debrancher enzyme deficiency]]
* [[Deficiency in enzymes of fat oxidation]]
* Detemir
* [[Diabetes mellitus type 1]]
* [[Diabetes mellitus type 2]]
* [[Diabetic gastroparesis]]
* [[Diabetic mother]]
* [[Diarrhea]]
* [[Dicarboxylic aminoaciduria]]
* [[Dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase deficiency]]
* [[Dipeptidyl peptidase-4]]
* [[Doege-potter syndrome]]
* [[Donohue syndrome]]
* [[Dopamine beta hydroxylase deficiency | dopamine beta hydroxylase deficiency]]
* [[Drip arm sample]]
* [[Dumping syndrome]]
* [[Empagliflozin]]
* [[Ethanol]]
* [[Ethionamide]]
* [[Factitious hypoglycemia]]
* [[Familial glucocorticoid deficiency]]
* [[Familial hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia type 3]]
* [[Familial hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia type 5]]
* [[Familial hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia type 7]]
* [[Fasting]]
* [[Fluorodeoxyglucose]]
* [[Fructose intolerance]]
* [[Fructose-1-phosphate aldolase deficiency]]
* [[Fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase deficiency]]
* [[Functioning pancreatic endocrine tumor]]
* [[Galactose-1-phosphate uridyltransferase deficiency]]
* [[Galactosemia]]
* [[Galactosemia fructose-1-phosphate aldolase deficiency]]
* [[Gastric dumping syndrome]]
* [[Gastrojejunostomy]]
* [[Gatifloxacin]]
* [[Gestational diabetes]]
* [[Ginseng]]
* [[Glibenclamide]]
* [[Gliclazide]]
* [[Glimepiride]]
* [[Glipizide]]
* [[Gliquidone]]
* [[Glisolamide]]
* [[Glisoxepide]]
* [[Glucagon deficiency]]
* [[Glucocorticoid deficiency 1]]
* [[Glucokinase mutations]]
* [[Glucose 6 phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency]]
* [[Glucose 6 phosphatase deficiency]]
* [[Glutaric acidemia type 2]]
* [[Glyburide]]
* [[Glycogen debranching deficiency]]
* [[Glycogenosis type 1a]]
* Glycogenosis type 1b
* [[Glycogenosis type 3]]
* [[Glycogenosis type 6]]
* [[Glycogenosis type 9a]]
* [[Glycogenosis type 9b]]
* [[Glycogenosis type 9c]]
* [[Glycogenosis type V]]
* [[Growth hormone deficiency]]
* [[Heavy exercise]]
* [[Hemolytic disease of the newborn]]
* [[Hepatic congestion]]
* [[Hepatic failure]]
* [[Hepatocyte nuclear factor 1a]]
* [[Hereditary ACTH resistance]]
* [[HMG-coa synthetase deficiency,hydroxymethylglutaryl-coa lyase deficiency]]
* [[HMG-coa lyase deficiency]]
* [[Hydrochloride]]
* [[Hydroxymethylglutaryl-coa lyase deficiency]]
* [[Hyperinsulinism]]
* [[Hyperinsulinism-hyperammonemia syndrome]]
* [[Hypoglycemia]]
* [[Hypoketonemic hypoglycemia]]
* [[Hypopituitarism]]
* [[Hypothermia]]
* [[Hypothyroidism]]
* [[Idiopathic growth hormone deficiency]]
* [[Idiopathic hypoglycemia]]
* [[Idiopathic postprandial syndrome]]
* [[IGF producing tumors]]
* [[Immunopathologic hypoglycemia]]
* [[Inborn urea cycle disorder]]
* [[Insulin]]
* [[Insulin glargine]]
* [[Insulin like growth factor]]
* [[Insulin receptor antibodies]]
* [[Insulin shock]]
* [[Insulinoma]]
* [[Intrauterine growth retardation]]
* [[Islet cell adenoma]]
* [[KATP channel defects]]
* [[Ketotic hypoglycemia]]
* [[Ketotic hypoglycemia of infancy]]
* [[Lanreotide]]
* [[Laron dwarfism]]
* [[Leucine-induced hypoglycaemia]]
* [[Leucinosis]]
* [[Levobunolol]]
* [[Levomepromazine]]
* [[Linagliptin]]
* [[Liver cancer]]
* [[Liver glycogen synthase deficiency]]
* [[Long chain hydroxyacyl-coa dehydrogenase deficiency]]
* [[Lorcaserin]]
* [[Malabsorption]]
* [[Malaria]]
* [[Maldigestion]]
* [[Malnutrition]]
* [[Malonic aciduria]]
* [[Malonyl-CoA decarboxylase deficiency]]
* [[Maple syrup urine disease]]
* [[Mcquarrie type infantile idiopathic hypoglycemia]]
* [[Mecasermin]]
* [[Medium chain acyl-coa dehydrogenase deficiency]]
* [[Meropenem]]
* [[Mesothelioma]]
* [[Metastatic insulinoma]]
* [[Methylmalonic acidemia]]
* [[Mitiglinide]]
* [[Mitochondrial DNA depletion syndrome]]
* [[Mitochondrial trifunctional protein deficiency]]
* [[Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1]]
* [[Munchausen syndrome]]
* [[Myxedema coma]]
* [[Nateglinide]]
* [[Neonatal bacterial meningitis]]
* [[Nesidioblastosis]]
* [[Nitisinone]]
* [[Organic acidemia]]
* [[Oxcarbazepine]]
* [[Pancreatic cancer]]
* [[Paternal uniparental disomy]]
* [[Pazopanib]]
* [[Pegvisomant]]
* [[Penicillamine]]
* [[Pentamidine isethionate]]
* [[Peptidase-4]]
* [[Perazine]]
* [[Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase deficiency]]
* [[Pipothiazine]]
* [[Plasma membrane carnitine transporter deficiency]]
* [[Postgastrectomy syndrome]]
* [[Pramipexole]]
* [[Pramlintide]]
* [[Pregnancy]]
* [[Premature labour and/or delivery]]
* [[Primary carnitine deficiency]]
* [[Propionic acidemia]]
* [[Propionyl-coa carboxylase deficiency]]
* [[Pyloroplasty]]
* [[Pyruvate carboxylase deficiency]]
* [[Pyruvate carboxylase deficiency|pyruvate carboxylase deficiency]]
* [[Quinine]]
* [[Reactive hypoglycemia]]
* [[Renal failure]]
* [[Renal hypoglycemia]]
* [[Repaglinide]]
* [[Reye syndrome]]
* [[Rifaximin]]
* [[Ritonavir]]
* [[Saquinavir]]
* [[Saxagliptin]]
* [[Sepsis]]
* [[Septic shock]]
* [[Sertraline]]
* [[Severe hepatitis]]
* [[Sheehan's syndrome]]
* [[Shock]]
* [[Short chain acyl-coa dehydrogenase deficiency]]
* [[Somatostatin]]
* [[Starvation]]
* [[Strenuous exercise]]
* [[Sulfamethoxazole]]
* [[Temafloxacin]]
* [[Thalidomide]]
* [[Timme syndrome]]
* [[Tolazamide]]
* [[Tolbutamide]]
* [[Trimethoprim]]
* [[Triple a syndrome]]
* [[Tumors]]
* [[Tyrosinaemia type 1]]
* [[Tyrosinemia]]
* [[Uncoupling protein 2]]
* [[Urea cycle disorder]]
* [[Uremia]]
* [[Very long-chain acyl-coa dehydrogenase deficiency]]
* [[Vildagliptin]]
* [[Visceral leishmaniasis]]
* [[Wilms tumor]]
* [[X-linked]]
* [[Zonisamide]]
}}


== Causes ==
== Causes ==
Line 433: Line 76:
*Acquired [[adrenal insufficiency]]
*Acquired [[adrenal insufficiency]]
*Acquired [[hypopituitarism]]
*Acquired [[hypopituitarism]]
*Immunopathologic hypoglycemia <ref name=health.am>{{cite web | Umesh Masharani, MB, BS, MRCP(UK) | title =The Hypoglycemic states - Hypoglycemia |  
*Immunopathologic hypoglycemia <ref name="health.am">{{cite web | Umesh Masharani, MB, BS, MRCP(UK) | title =The Hypoglycemic states - Hypoglycemia |  
publisher=Armenian Medical Network | work =The Hypoglycemic states |  
publisher=Armenian Medical Network | work =The Hypoglycemic states |  
url=http://www.health.am/db/the-hypoglycemic-states-hypoglycemia/ | year = 2007 }}</ref>
url=http://www.health.am/db/the-hypoglycemic-states-hypoglycemia/ | year = 2007 }}</ref>

Revision as of 14:02, 13 July 2017

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Carlos A Lopez, M.D. [2]

Overview

Is when blood sugar decreases to below normal levels. This may result in a variety of symptoms including clumsiness, trouble talking, confusion, loss of consciousness, seizures, or death. Some causes of hypoglycemia are chloramphenicol, addison's disease, acute fatty liver of pregnancy and sepsis.

Causes

Life Threatening Causes
Common Causes

Causes

Common Causes

Hypoglycemia in Newborn Infants

Hypoglycemia is a common problem in critically ill or extremely low birthweight infants. If not due to maternal hyperglycemia, in most cases it is multifactorial, transient and easily supported. In a minority of cases hypoglycemia turns out to be due to significant hyperinsulinism, hypopituitarism or an inborn error of metabolism and presents more of a management challenge.

Hypoglycemia in Young Children

Single episodes of hypoglycemia due to gastroenteritis or fasting, but recurrent episodes nearly always indicate either an inborn error of metabolism, congenital hypopituitarism, or congenital hyperinsulinism

Hypoglycemia in Older Children and Young Adults

By far the most common cause of severe hypoglycemia in this age range is insulin injected for type 1 diabetes. Circumstances should provide clues fairly quickly for the new diseases causing severe hypoglycemia. All of the congenital metabolic defects, congenital forms of hyperinsulinism, and congenital hypopituitarism are likely to have already been diagnosed or are unlikely to start causing new hypoglycemia at this age. Body mass is large enough to make starvation hypoglycemia and idiopathic ketotic hypoglycemia quite uncommon. Recurrent mild hypoglycemia may fit a reactive hypoglycemia pattern, but this is also the peak age for idiopathic postprandial syndrome, and recurrent "spells" in this age group can be traced to orthostatic hypotension or hyperventilation as often as demonstrable hypoglycemia.

Hypoglycemia in Older Adults

The incidence of hypoglycemia due to complex drug interactions, especially involving oral hypoglycemic agents and insulin for diabetes rises with age. Though much rarer, the incidence of insulin-producing tumors also rises with advancing age. Most tumors causing hypoglycemia by mechanisms other than insulin excess occur in adults.

References

  1. ↑ "The Hypoglycemic states - Hypoglycemia". The Hypoglycemic states. Armenian Medical Network. 2007. Text " Umesh Masharani, MB, BS, MRCP(UK) " ignored (help)


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