Myxoma physical examination: Difference between revisions
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{{CMG}} {{AE}} {{AAM}}{{MV}} | {{CMG}} {{AE}} {{AAM}}{{MV}} | ||
==Overview== | ==Overview== | ||
There are no specific physical findings for cardiac myxoma.<ref name="pmid433739">{{cite journal |vauthors=Bulkley BH, Hutchins GM |title=Atrial myxomas: a fifty year review |journal=Am. Heart J. |volume=97 |issue=5 |pages=639–43 |year=1979 |pmid=433739 |doi= |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid9578352">{{cite journal |vauthors=Goswami KC, Shrivastava S, Bahl VK, Saxena A, Manchanda SC, Wasir HS |title=Cardiac myxomas: clinical and echocardiographic profile |journal=Int. J. Cardiol. |volume=63 |issue=3 |pages=251–9 |year=1998 |pmid=9578352 |doi= |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid12006696">{{cite journal |vauthors=Grebenc ML, Rosado-de-Christenson ML, Green CE, Burke AP, Galvin JR |title=Cardiac myxoma: imaging features in 83 patients |journal=Radiographics |volume=22 |issue=3 |pages=673–89 |year=2002 |pmid=12006696 |doi=10.1148/radiographics.22.3.g02ma02673 |url=}}</ref>The physical sign that may be remarkable for cardiac myxoma is the "tumor plop" which is caused by the obstruction of the mitral valve orifice by the tumor.<ref name="pmid9578352">{{cite journal |vauthors=Goswami KC, Shrivastava S, Bahl VK, Saxena A, Manchanda SC, Wasir HS |title=Cardiac myxomas: clinical and echocardiographic profile |journal=Int. J. Cardiol. |volume=63 |issue=3 |pages=251–9 |year=1998 |pmid=9578352 |doi= |url=}}</ref> Common findings include [[systolic]] or [[diastolic murmurs]] (depending on size, mobility and location of the tumor). Normally, diastolic murmurs are due to the obstruction of the left/right ventricle. Whereas systolic murmurs are related to the narrow closure of the [[atrioventricular valves]]. Another finding is abnormal heart sounds that change when the patient changes positions. For instance, in patients with left atrial myxomas, S1 is often loud and widely split, because the tumor has caused a delay in the closure of the mitral valve. In most cases, a common ascultatory finding is the accentuated first heart sound and the loud pulmonary component of the second heart sound. | There are no specific physical findings for cardiac myxoma.<ref name="pmid433739">{{cite journal |vauthors=Bulkley BH, Hutchins GM |title=Atrial myxomas: a fifty year review |journal=Am. Heart J. |volume=97 |issue=5 |pages=639–43 |year=1979 |pmid=433739 |doi= |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid9578352">{{cite journal |vauthors=Goswami KC, Shrivastava S, Bahl VK, Saxena A, Manchanda SC, Wasir HS |title=Cardiac myxomas: clinical and echocardiographic profile |journal=Int. J. Cardiol. |volume=63 |issue=3 |pages=251–9 |year=1998 |pmid=9578352 |doi= |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid12006696">{{cite journal |vauthors=Grebenc ML, Rosado-de-Christenson ML, Green CE, Burke AP, Galvin JR |title=Cardiac myxoma: imaging features in 83 patients |journal=Radiographics |volume=22 |issue=3 |pages=673–89 |year=2002 |pmid=12006696 |doi=10.1148/radiographics.22.3.g02ma02673 |url=}}</ref> The physical sign that may be remarkable for cardiac myxoma is the "tumor plop" which is caused by the obstruction of the mitral valve orifice by the tumor.<ref name="pmid9578352">{{cite journal |vauthors=Goswami KC, Shrivastava S, Bahl VK, Saxena A, Manchanda SC, Wasir HS |title=Cardiac myxomas: clinical and echocardiographic profile |journal=Int. J. Cardiol. |volume=63 |issue=3 |pages=251–9 |year=1998 |pmid=9578352 |doi= |url=}}</ref> Common findings include [[systolic]] or [[diastolic murmurs]] (depending on size, mobility, and location of the tumor). Normally, diastolic murmurs are due to the obstruction of the left/right ventricle. Whereas systolic murmurs are related to the narrow closure of the [[atrioventricular valves]]. Another finding is abnormal heart sounds that change when the patient changes positions. For instance, in patients with left atrial myxomas, S1 is often loud and widely split, because the tumor has caused a delay in the closure of the mitral valve. In most cases, a common ascultatory finding is the accentuated first heart sound and the loud pulmonary component of the second heart sound. | ||
==Physical Examination== | ==Physical Examination== | ||
===General Apperance=== | |||
===Skin=== | ===Skin=== | ||
*Examination of the extremities may also reveal signs of an embolic phenomenon | * Examination of the extremities may also reveal signs of an embolic phenomenon | ||
* Blue discoloration of the skin, especially the fingers ([[Raynaud's phenomenon]]) | |||
* [[Clubbing]] - Curvature of nails accompanied with soft tissue enlargement of the fingers | |||
* [[Swelling]] - any part of the body | |||
===Lungs=== | ===Lungs=== | ||
*Chest examination may reveal fine crepitations consistent with pulmonary edema | *Chest examination may reveal fine crepitations consistent with pulmonary edema | ||
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* A "tumor plop" (a sound related to movement of the tumor) can be heard. This is defined as a protodiastolic murmur, it can be heard 80 to 150 msec after the second heart sound. | * A "tumor plop" (a sound related to movement of the tumor) can be heard. This is defined as a protodiastolic murmur, it can be heard 80 to 150 msec after the second heart sound. | ||
* Abnormal [[heart sounds]], or [[ | * Abnormal [[heart sounds]], or [[murmurS]] may be heard | ||
* Sounds may change when the patient changes position | * Sounds may change when the patient changes position | ||
* Presystolic heart [[murmur]] | |||
==References== | ==References== | ||
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Ahmad Al Maradni, M.D. [2]Maria Fernanda Villarreal, M.D. [3]
Overview
There are no specific physical findings for cardiac myxoma.[1][2][3] The physical sign that may be remarkable for cardiac myxoma is the "tumor plop" which is caused by the obstruction of the mitral valve orifice by the tumor.[2] Common findings include systolic or diastolic murmurs (depending on size, mobility, and location of the tumor). Normally, diastolic murmurs are due to the obstruction of the left/right ventricle. Whereas systolic murmurs are related to the narrow closure of the atrioventricular valves. Another finding is abnormal heart sounds that change when the patient changes positions. For instance, in patients with left atrial myxomas, S1 is often loud and widely split, because the tumor has caused a delay in the closure of the mitral valve. In most cases, a common ascultatory finding is the accentuated first heart sound and the loud pulmonary component of the second heart sound.
Physical Examination
General Apperance
Skin
- Examination of the extremities may also reveal signs of an embolic phenomenon
- Blue discoloration of the skin, especially the fingers (Raynaud's phenomenon)
- Clubbing - Curvature of nails accompanied with soft tissue enlargement of the fingers
- Swelling - any part of the body
Lungs
- Chest examination may reveal fine crepitations consistent with pulmonary edema
Heart
Auscultation
Auscultatory findings are characteristically variable and depend most of the time in body position. Moreover, pericardial friction rub may sometimes be present in patients with right atrial tumors.[4]
- A "tumor plop" (a sound related to movement of the tumor) can be heard. This is defined as a protodiastolic murmur, it can be heard 80 to 150 msec after the second heart sound.
- Abnormal heart sounds, or murmurS may be heard
- Sounds may change when the patient changes position
- Presystolic heart murmur
References
- ↑ Bulkley BH, Hutchins GM (1979). "Atrial myxomas: a fifty year review". Am. Heart J. 97 (5): 639–43. PMID 433739.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Goswami KC, Shrivastava S, Bahl VK, Saxena A, Manchanda SC, Wasir HS (1998). "Cardiac myxomas: clinical and echocardiographic profile". Int. J. Cardiol. 63 (3): 251–9. PMID 9578352.
- ↑ Grebenc ML, Rosado-de-Christenson ML, Green CE, Burke AP, Galvin JR (2002). "Cardiac myxoma: imaging features in 83 patients". Radiographics. 22 (3): 673–89. doi:10.1148/radiographics.22.3.g02ma02673. PMID 12006696.
- ↑ Reynen K (1995). "Cardiac myxomas". N. Engl. J. Med. 333 (24): 1610–7. doi:10.1056/NEJM199512143332407. PMID 7477198.