Tachycardia causes

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor-In-Chief: M.Umer Tariq [2] Kiran Singh, M.D. [3]

Overview

Life threatening causes of tachycardia include cardiac tamponade, cardiogenic shock, pulseless ventricular tachycardia, and stroke. Other common causes of tachycardia are anemia, exercise, fever, and hyperthyroidism.

Causes

Life Threatening Causes

• Cardiac tamponade
• Cardiogenic shock
• Myocardial infarction
• Pulmonary embolism
• Pulseless ventricular tachycardia
• Stroke

Common Causes

• Anemia
• Electrolyte imbalance
• Exercise
• Fever
• Hyperthyroidism
• Hypertension
• Pain

Causes by Organ System

Cardiovascular	Arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia, AV-dissociation, AV nodal reentrant tachycardia,bradycardia-tachycardia syndrome, cardiac amyloidosis, cardiogenic shock, cardiac tamponade, cardiomyopathy, commotio cordis, congenital heart disease, congestive heart failure, Cor triatriatum, coronary heart disease, decompensated heart failure, Ebstein's anomaly of the tricuspid valve, endocardial fibroelastosis, fat embolism, heart cancer, heart surgery, hemothorax, hypertension, hypokalaemia, hypotension, hypovolemia, idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy, inappropriate sinus tachycardia, inferior vena cava syndrome, Jervell and Lange-Nielsen syndrome, Junctional rhythm, Kawasaki disease, Lange-Nielsen Syndrome, Loeffler's endocarditis, Long QT Syndrome, mitral-valve prolapse, multifocal atrial tachycardia, myocardial infarction, myocardial ischemia, myocarditis, palpitations , paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia, polymorphic ventricular tachycardia, postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome, premature ventricular contractions, pulmonary embolism, pulmonary heart disease, pulseless ventricular tachycardia, QT lengthening, Romano-Ward Syndrome, shock, sick sinus syndrome, stroke, Timothy syndrome, Torsade de pointes, Uhl anomaly, unstable angina, valvular heart disease, vascular malposition, ventricular extrasystoles perodactyly robin sequence, ventricular familial preexcitation syndrome, ventricular septal defect, ventriculo-arterial discordance, isolated, volume depletion, white coat hypertension, Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome
Chemical / poisoning	3-quinuclidinyl benzilate, amphetamine poisoning, arsenic poisoning, beta-adrenergic poisoning, caffeine poisoning, carbamate insecticide poisoning, carbon monoxide poisoning, cardiac effects of insect bites, cocaine poisoning, cyanides, cyclic antidepressant poisoning, dicobalt edetate, mercury poisoning, organophosphate insecticide poisoning, scombroid, snake bite, theophylline poisoning
Dermatologic	Porphyria
Drug Side Effect	Abciximab (patient information), aconitum, almokalant, aminophylline, amlodipine, amphetamine, amrinone, anaesthesia complications, anti-arrhythmic drugs, anticholinergic, antidepressant medications, antipsychotic, asenapine maleate, astemizole, atomoxetine, atropine, beractant, benzphetamine, benzatropine, benzylpiperazine, biperiden, bepridil, bupropion, caffeine, caspofungin,chlorpromazine, chlorprothixene, cidofovir, clemastine, clofarabine, clomifene, clomipramine, clonidine, clozapine, cocaine, corticorelin, cosyntropin, daptomycin, decongestants, desflurane, desipramine, desoxyn, diazoxide, diethylcathinone,diethylpropion, diet pills, diflunisal, digoxin, dapsone, diltiazem, dimenhydrinate, dimercaprol, diphenhydramine, dipivefrine,disulfiram, dobutamine, dofetilide, dopamine, dopexamine, dosulepin hydrochloride, doxapram, doxepin, ephedrine, epinephrine,ethcathinone, etilefrine, felbamate, ferumoxytol, ferric carboxymaltose, flavoxate, febuxostat, formoterol, gadopentetate, glyceryl trinitrate, hexamethonium, hydralazine, hydrocortisone, hydroxocobalamin, hydroxyethyl starch, hyoscyamine, iloprost, Imipramine, Imipenem-Cilastatin, Indomethacin, interferon alfacon-1, Isoprenaline, Isoproterenol, Isoproterenol (aerosol), Isosorbide mononitrate, laronidase, L-dopa, leflunomide, levomepromazine, levomethamphetamine, levosimendan, levothyroxine, lomotil, macrolide, maprotiline, meropenem,methcathinone, methadone withdrawl, methylphenidate, metoclopramide, milnacipran hydrochloride, minoxidil, modafinil, meprobamate,motofen, nabilone, nalbuphine, nalmefene, naltrexone, niacin, nialamide, nitazoxanide, neuromuscular-blocking drugs, olanzapine,opioidoprelvekin, oxaprozin, oxcarbazepine, paliperidone, papaverine, paregoric, pegylated interferon alfa-2b, pentamidine Isethionate, pergolide,phendimetrazine, phentermine, pilocarpine, pipradrol, pirbuterol, pralidoxime, procainamide (patient information), procyclidine hydrochloride,promethazine, propantheline, prednisolone, pseudoephedrine, rizatriptan, sipuleucel-T, sumatriptan, teniposide, terbutaline, thalidomide,tiagabine, tizanidine, trazodone, triazolam, trospium, tuaminoheptane, valdecoxib, vardenafil, voriconazole, zolmitriptan, zonisamide,zopiclone withdrawal
Ear Nose Throat	No underlying causes
Endocrine	Adrenal adenoma, familial, adrenal cancer, adrenal gland hyperfunction, adrenal incidentaloma, adrenal medulla neoplasm, anorexia nervosa, carcinoid crisis, carcinoid syndrome, generalized resistance to thyroid hormone, Graves' disease, Hashimoto's thyroiditis, hyperadrenalism , hyperthyroidism, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, hyperthyroidism, hypoglycaemia, hypokalaemia, hypomagnesemia, insulinoma, hypokalemia, multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1, multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2, multiple endocrine neoplasia type 3, multiple endocrine neoplasia, phaeochromocytoma, postpartum hyperthyroidism, postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome, toxic multinodular goitre, Waterhouse-Friderichsen Syndrome
Environmental	Hyperthermia
Gastroenterologic	Accessory pancreas, anorexia nervosa, Boerhaave syndrome, carcinoid crisis , carcinoid syndrome, gastroenteritis, Mallory-Weiss syndrome, megacolon, peritonitis, retroperitoneal hematoma, ruptured spleen, ulcerative colitis, Watermelon stomach
Genetic	Acute intermittent porphyria, Barth syndrome, Brugada syndrome, Costello syndrome, Duchenne muscular dystrophy, hypokalemic periodic paralysis, Jervell and Lange-Nielsen syndrome, Lange-Nielsen Syndrome, Long QT syndrome, muscular dystrophy, duchenne and becker type, porphyria, Romano-Ward syndrome, sickle-cell disease, Timothy syndrome, Variegate porphyria, ventriculo-arterial discordance, isolated, Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome, X-linked sideroblastic anaemia , catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia
Hematologic	Anemia, aplastic anemia, blood transfusion, bone-marrow failure syndromes, porphyria, postoperative pulmonary embolism, sickle-cell disease, transfusion reaction, warm autoimmune hemolytic anemia, X-linked sideroblastic anaemia
Iatrogenic	Blood transfusion, acute radiation sickness, malignant hyperthermia, neuroleptic malignant syndrome, serotonin syndrome
Infectious Disease	Amanita phalloides, bacteremia, bacterial meningitis, Chagas disease, clostridium difficile, Cotton fever, Ebola, fever, gastroenteritis, Lassa fever, malaria, Omphalitis, postoperative septicaemia, scarlet fever, sepsis, tuberculosis, vibrio vulnificus infection, western equine encephalitis
Musculoskeletal / Ortho	Duchenne muscular dystrophy, muscular dystrophy, Duchenne and Becker type
Neurologic	Autonomic neuropathy, bacterial meningitis , dysautonomia, Pain, stroke, western equine encephalitis
Nutritional / Metabolic	Acute intermittent porphyria, acute porphyria, aldehyde syndrome, betel nut, electrolyte imbalances, foods containing tyramine, hydroxocobalamin, hypoglycaemia, iron deficiency, metabolic acidosis
Obstetric/Gynecologic	Aortocaval compression syndrome,Fetal distress,Omphalitis, Postpartum haemorrhage
Oncologic	Adrenal adenoma, familial , adrenal cancer , adrenal incidentaloma , Adrenal medulla neoplasm, Carcinoid crisis, carcinoid syndrome, Cardiac tumors, Insulinoma, multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1, multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2 , multiple endocrine neoplasia type 3, multiple endocrine neoplasia, phaeochromocytoma, respiratory tract neoplasm, insulinoma
Opthalmologic	No underlying causes
Overdose / Toxicity	Amitriptyline toxicity, amoxapine toxicity, doxepin toxicity, imipramine toxicity , protriptyline toxicity , quetiapine toxicity, trimipramine toxicity
Psychiatric	Acute stress disorder, alcohol withdrawal, anorexia nervosa, anxiety, chronic fatigue syndrome, cocaine abuse, panic disorder, sudden stress, methadone withdrawl
Pulmonary	Acute chest syndrome, asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, chronic pulmonary disease, community-acquired pneumonia, fat embolism, hemothorax, hypoxia, near-drowning, postoperative respiratory failure, pulmonary edema of mountaineers, pulmonary embolism, pulmonary heart disease, respiratory failure, respiratory infections, respiratory tract neoplasm, tension pneumothorax, wheezing
Renal / Electrolyte	Acute renal failure, Bright's disease, hypokalaemia, hypomagnesemia, metabolic acidosis, Xanthic urolithiasis
Rheum / Immune / Allergy	Chronic fatigue syndrome, cutaneous mastocytosis, dermatomyositis, Kawasaki disease, peanut allergy, polyarteritis nodosa
Sexual	No underlying causes
Trauma	Commotio cordis
Urologic	No underlying causes
Miscellaneous	Angel's trumpet, bothrops, caffeinated beverages, dipping tobacco, Jimsonweed (datura stramonium), exercise, Indian tobacco (lobelia inflata), penfield syndrome, potato (solanum tuberosum), smoking, tobacco (nicotiana tabacum)

Causes in Alphabetical Order

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References

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