Pineal yolk sac tumor: Difference between revisions

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*Pineal yolk sac tumor is a rare type of extra gonadal yolk sac tumor. They make up a small fraction of all intracranial [[germ cell tumor]]s and an even small fraction of pineal masses overall.<ref name=Pinealyolksactumouroverview1>Pineal yolk sac tumour. Frank Gaillard et al. Radiopaedia 2015. http://radiopaedia.org/articles/pineal-yolk-sac-tumour. Accessed on December 8, 2015</ref>
*Pineal yolk sac tumor is a rare type of extra gonadal yolk sac tumor. They make up a small fraction of all intracranial [[germ cell tumor]]s and an even small fraction of pineal masses overall.<ref name=Pinealyolksactumouroverview1>Pineal yolk sac tumour. Frank Gaillard et al. Radiopaedia 2015. http://radiopaedia.org/articles/pineal-yolk-sac-tumour. Accessed on December 8, 2015</ref>
*Pure pineal yolk sac tumors secrete [[AFP]].
*Pure pineal yolk sac tumors secrete [[AFP]].
*On microscopic histopathological analysis, pineal yolk sac tumor is characterized by poorly differentiated endothelium-like, cuboidal, or columnar cells.
*On microscopic histopathological analysis, pineal yolk sac tumor is characterized by poorly differentiated endothelium-like, cuboidal, or columnar cells with prominent nucleoli and significant mitotic activity.<ref name="pmid17607429">{{cite journal| author=Davaus T, Gasparetto EL, Carvalho Neto Ad, Jung JE, Bleggi-Torres LF| title=Pineal yolk sac tumor: correlation between neuroimaging and pathological findings. | journal=Arq Neuropsiquiatr | year= 2007 | volume= 65 | issue= 2A | pages= 283-5 | pmid=17607429 | doi= | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=17607429  }} </ref>
*Pineal yolk sac tumor is demonstrated by positivity to [[tumor markers]] such as [[AFP]], [[cytokeratin]], and [[Alpha 1-antitrypsin|AAT]].<ref name="pmid15280413">{{cite journal| author=Tan HW, Ty A, Goh SG, Wong MC, Hong A, Chuah KL| title=Pineal yolk sac tumour with a solid pattern: a case report in a Chinese adult man with Down's syndrome. | journal=J Clin Pathol | year= 2004 | volume= 57 | issue= 8 | pages= 882-4 | pmid=15280413 | doi=10.1136/jcp.2004.016659 | pmc=PMC1770394 | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=15280413  }} </ref> [[Periodic acid-Schiff stain|PAS-diastase positive hyaline globules]] and Schiller-Duval bodies are the characteristic features of pineal yolk sac tumors.<ref name="pmid17607429">{{cite journal| author=Davaus T, Gasparetto EL, Carvalho Neto Ad, Jung JE, Bleggi-Torres LF| title=Pineal yolk sac tumor: correlation between neuroimaging and pathological findings. | journal=Arq Neuropsiquiatr | year= 2007 | volume= 65 | issue= 2A | pages= 283-5 | pmid=17607429 | doi= | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=17607429  }} </ref>
*Pineal yolk sac tumor is demonstrated by positivity to [[tumor markers]] such as [[AFP]], [[cytokeratin]], and [[Alpha 1-antitrypsin|AAT]].<ref name="pmid15280413">{{cite journal| author=Tan HW, Ty A, Goh SG, Wong MC, Hong A, Chuah KL| title=Pineal yolk sac tumour with a solid pattern: a case report in a Chinese adult man with Down's syndrome. | journal=J Clin Pathol | year= 2004 | volume= 57 | issue= 8 | pages= 882-4 | pmid=15280413 | doi=10.1136/jcp.2004.016659 | pmc=PMC1770394 | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=15280413  }} </ref> [[Periodic acid-Schiff stain|PAS-diastase positive hyaline globules]] and Schiller-Duval bodies are the characteristic features of pineal yolk sac tumors.<ref name="pmid17607429">{{cite journal| author=Davaus T, Gasparetto EL, Carvalho Neto Ad, Jung JE, Bleggi-Torres LF| title=Pineal yolk sac tumor: correlation between neuroimaging and pathological findings. | journal=Arq Neuropsiquiatr | year= 2007 | volume= 65 | issue= 2A | pages= 283-5 | pmid=17607429 | doi= | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=17607429  }} </ref>
*In upto 50% of cases, these tumors co-exist with other [[Germ cell tumor classification|germ cell tumors]].<ref name=pathiopy1>Pathology of pineal yolk sac tumour. Frank Gaillard et al. Radiopaedia 2015. http://radiopaedia.org/articles/pineal-yolk-sac-tumour. Accessed on December 9, 2015</ref>
*In upto 50% of cases, these tumors co-exist with other [[Germ cell tumor classification|germ cell tumors]].<ref name=pathiopy1>Pathology of pineal yolk sac tumour. Frank Gaillard et al. Radiopaedia 2015. http://radiopaedia.org/articles/pineal-yolk-sac-tumour. Accessed on December 9, 2015</ref>
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*Prognosis of pineal yolk sac tumor is generally poor.<ref name="pmid15280413">{{cite journal| author=Tan HW, Ty A, Goh SG, Wong MC, Hong A, Chuah KL| title=Pineal yolk sac tumour with a solid pattern: a case report in a Chinese adult man with Down's syndrome. | journal=J Clin Pathol | year= 2004 | volume= 57 | issue= 8 | pages= 882-4 | pmid=15280413 | doi=10.1136/jcp.2004.016659 | pmc=PMC1770394 | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=15280413  }} </ref>
*Prognosis of pineal yolk sac tumor is generally poor.<ref name="pmid15280413">{{cite journal| author=Tan HW, Ty A, Goh SG, Wong MC, Hong A, Chuah KL| title=Pineal yolk sac tumour with a solid pattern: a case report in a Chinese adult man with Down's syndrome. | journal=J Clin Pathol | year= 2004 | volume= 57 | issue= 8 | pages= 882-4 | pmid=15280413 | doi=10.1136/jcp.2004.016659 | pmc=PMC1770394 | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=15280413  }} </ref>
*Symptoms of pineal yolk sac tumor include [[headache]], [[nausea]], [[vomiting]], [[weakness]], [[confusion]], and [[somnolence]].<ref name="pmid15280413">{{cite journal| author=Tan HW, Ty A, Goh SG, Wong MC, Hong A, Chuah KL| title=Pineal yolk sac tumour with a solid pattern: a case report in a Chinese adult man with Down's syndrome. | journal=J Clin Pathol | year= 2004 | volume= 57 | issue= 8 | pages= 882-4 | pmid=15280413 | doi=10.1136/jcp.2004.016659 | pmc=PMC1770394 | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=15280413  }} </ref><ref name="pmid17607429">{{cite journal| author=Davaus T, Gasparetto EL, Carvalho Neto Ad, Jung JE, Bleggi-Torres LF| title=Pineal yolk sac tumor: correlation between neuroimaging and pathological findings. | journal=Arq Neuropsiquiatr | year= 2007 | volume= 65 | issue= 2A | pages= 283-5 | pmid=17607429 | doi= | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=17607429  }} </ref>
*Symptoms of pineal yolk sac tumor include [[headache]], [[nausea]], [[vomiting]], [[weakness]], [[confusion]], and [[somnolence]].<ref name="pmid15280413">{{cite journal| author=Tan HW, Ty A, Goh SG, Wong MC, Hong A, Chuah KL| title=Pineal yolk sac tumour with a solid pattern: a case report in a Chinese adult man with Down's syndrome. | journal=J Clin Pathol | year= 2004 | volume= 57 | issue= 8 | pages= 882-4 | pmid=15280413 | doi=10.1136/jcp.2004.016659 | pmc=PMC1770394 | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=15280413  }} </ref><ref name="pmid17607429">{{cite journal| author=Davaus T, Gasparetto EL, Carvalho Neto Ad, Jung JE, Bleggi-Torres LF| title=Pineal yolk sac tumor: correlation between neuroimaging and pathological findings. | journal=Arq Neuropsiquiatr | year= 2007 | volume= 65 | issue= 2A | pages= 283-5 | pmid=17607429 | doi= | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=17607429  }} </ref>
*Head CT scan and brain MRI may be helpful in the diagnosis of pineal yolk sac tumor.
*On head CT scan, pineal yolk sac tumor is characterized by a hypodense, heterogenous mass in the pineal region with signs of [[obstructive hydrocephalus]].
*On brain MRI, pineal yolk sac tumor is characterized by hypointensity on T1-weighted images and hyperintensity on T2-weighted images. There may be enhancement after contrast administration.<ref name="pmid17607429">{{cite journal| author=Davaus T, Gasparetto EL, Carvalho Neto Ad, Jung JE, Bleggi-Torres LF| title=Pineal yolk sac tumor: correlation between neuroimaging and pathological findings. | journal=Arq Neuropsiquiatr | year= 2007 | volume= 65 | issue= 2A | pages= 283-5 | pmid=17607429 | doi= | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=17607429  }} </ref>
*On brain MRI, pineal yolk sac tumor is characterized by hypointensity on T1-weighted images and hyperintensity on T2-weighted images. There may be enhancement after contrast administration.<ref name="pmid17607429">{{cite journal| author=Davaus T, Gasparetto EL, Carvalho Neto Ad, Jung JE, Bleggi-Torres LF| title=Pineal yolk sac tumor: correlation between neuroimaging and pathological findings. | journal=Arq Neuropsiquiatr | year= 2007 | volume= 65 | issue= 2A | pages= 283-5 | pmid=17607429 | doi= | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=17607429  }} </ref>
*[[Biopsy]] is generally done to confirm the diagnosis of pineal yolk sac tumor.
*[[Biopsy]] is generally done to confirm the diagnosis of pineal yolk sac tumor.

Revision as of 14:52, 10 December 2015

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Sujit Routray, M.D. [2]

Synonyms and keywords: Pineal yolk sac tumors; Pineal yolk sac tumour; Pineal yolk sac tumours; Pineal endodermal sinus tumor; Pineal endodermal sinus tumors; Pineal endodermal sinus tumour; Pineal endodermal sinus tumours; Pineal yolk sac carcinoma; Pineal yolk sac carcinomas; Pineal gland tumor; Germ cell tumor; Brain tumor

Overview

  • Pineal yolk sac tumor is a rare type of extra gonadal yolk sac tumor. They make up a small fraction of all intracranial germ cell tumors and an even small fraction of pineal masses overall.[1]
  • Pure pineal yolk sac tumors secrete AFP.
  • On microscopic histopathological analysis, pineal yolk sac tumor is characterized by poorly differentiated endothelium-like, cuboidal, or columnar cells with prominent nucleoli and significant mitotic activity.[2]
  • Pineal yolk sac tumor is demonstrated by positivity to tumor markers such as AFP, cytokeratin, and AAT.[3] PAS-diastase positive hyaline globules and Schiller-Duval bodies are the characteristic features of pineal yolk sac tumors.[2]
  • In upto 50% of cases, these tumors co-exist with other germ cell tumors.[4]
  • Pineal yolk sac tumor may be associated with Down syndrome.[5]
  • Common complication of pineal yolk sac tumor includes obstructive hydrocephalus.
  • Prognosis of pineal yolk sac tumor is generally poor.[3]
  • Symptoms of pineal yolk sac tumor include headache, nausea, vomiting, weakness, confusion, and somnolence.[3][2]
  • Head CT scan and brain MRI may be helpful in the diagnosis of pineal yolk sac tumor.
  • On head CT scan, pineal yolk sac tumor is characterized by a hypodense, heterogenous mass in the pineal region with signs of obstructive hydrocephalus.
  • On brain MRI, pineal yolk sac tumor is characterized by hypointensity on T1-weighted images and hyperintensity on T2-weighted images. There may be enhancement after contrast administration.[2]
  • Biopsy is generally done to confirm the diagnosis of pineal yolk sac tumor.

References

  1. ↑ Pineal yolk sac tumour. Frank Gaillard et al. Radiopaedia 2015. http://radiopaedia.org/articles/pineal-yolk-sac-tumour. Accessed on December 8, 2015
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 Davaus T, Gasparetto EL, Carvalho Neto Ad, Jung JE, Bleggi-Torres LF (2007). "Pineal yolk sac tumor: correlation between neuroimaging and pathological findings". Arq Neuropsiquiatr. 65 (2A): 283–5. PMID 17607429.
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 Tan HW, Ty A, Goh SG, Wong MC, Hong A, Chuah KL (2004). "Pineal yolk sac tumour with a solid pattern: a case report in a Chinese adult man with Down's syndrome". J Clin Pathol. 57 (8): 882–4. doi:10.1136/jcp.2004.016659. PMC 1770394. PMID 15280413.
  4. ↑ Pathology of pineal yolk sac tumour. Frank Gaillard et al. Radiopaedia 2015. http://radiopaedia.org/articles/pineal-yolk-sac-tumour. Accessed on December 9, 2015
  5. ↑ Associations of pineal yolk sac tumor. Frank Gaillard et al. Radiopaedia 2015. http://radiopaedia.org/articles/pineal-yolk-sac-tumour. Accessed on December 8, 2015


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