Cryptococcosis risk factors

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Serge Korjian M.D.; Yazan Daaboul, M.D.

Risk Factors

Risk factors for the development of cryptococcal infections are individual and environmental and include:

• Immunocompromised states such as advanced HIV/AIDS (CD4<100 cells/mm), organ transplant recipients, and intake of corticosteroids or other immunosuppressive medications.
• Cryptococcus is ubiquitous in the environment. But inhalational exposure to dry bird droppings or guano (excrement of seabirds, cave-dwelling bats) increases the risk of contracting the disease if a patient is immunocompromised.