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==Biopsy==
==Biopsy==
* [[Biopsy]] is helpful in the diagnosis of adenocarcinoma of the lung.
* [[Biopsy]] is helpful in the diagnosis of adenocarcinoma of the lung.  
* During a biopsy, tissues or cells are removed from the body so they can be tested in a laboratory. The pathology report from the laboratory will confirm whether or not cancer cells are present in the sample. The biopsies that could be used for lung cancer are:<ref name=cancada>Lung cancer. Canadian Cancer Society 2015.http://www.cancer.ca/en/cancer-information/cancer-type/lung/diagnosis/?region=ab#Endoscopy</ref>
** [[Fine needle aspiration]] (FNA)<ref name="cancada">Lung cancer. Canadian Cancer Society 2015.http://www.cancer.ca/en/cancer-information/cancer-type/lung/diagnosis/?region=ab#Endoscopy</ref>:
:* [[Fine needle aspiration]] (FNA)
*** CT guided FNA uses a small amount of tissue from a suspected lung tumour or from a lymph node in the chest.  
::* The doctor may use a CT scan to guide FNA to remove a small amount of tissue from a suspected lung tumour or from a lymph node in the chest.
*** FNA may also be obtained during bronchoscopy, along with endobronchial ultrasound, to take samples of lymph nodes around the trachea and bronchi.  
::* FNA may also be done during bronchoscopy, along with endobronchial ultrasound, to take samples of lymph nodes around the trachea and the bronchi.
:* [[Thoracentesis]]  
:* [[Thoracentesis]]
:** Thoracentesis may be done to remove fluid from around the lungs to see if it contains cancer cells.
::* Thoracentesis may be done to remove fluid from around the lungs to see if it contains cancer cells.
:* On microscopic histopathological analysis, nuclear atypia, eccentrically placed [[Cell nucleus|nuclei]], abundant [[cytoplasm]], and conspicuous [[Nucleolus|nucleoli]] are characteristic findings of adenocarcinoma of the lung. 
* To view the biopsy findings of adenocarcinoma of the lung, please click [[adenocarcinoma of the lung pathophysiology|'''here''']].
:* Atypical adenomatous hyperplasia (AAH): is the precursor of peripheral adenocarcinomas.  It consists of well demarcated [[Columnar epithelia|columnar]] or [[Cuboidal epithelia|cuboidal]] cells with the following features:<ref>{{cite book | last = Kumar | first = Vinay | title = Robbins basic pathology | publisher = Saunders/Elsevier | location = Philadelphia, PA | year = 2007 | isbn = 1416029737 }}</ref><ref>{{cite book | last = Stewart | first = Bernard | title = World cancer report 2014 | publisher = International Agency for Research on Cancer,Distributed by WHO Press, World Health Organization | location = Lyon, France Geneva, Switzerland | year = 2014 | isbn = 9283204298 }}</ref>
:** Varying degrees of cytologic [[atypia]] 
:** Hyperchromasia 
:** [[Pleomorphism]] 
:** Prominent [[nucleoli]] 
:* As adenocarcinoma is a derivative of [[mucus]] producing glands in the lungs, it tends to stain [[mucin]] positive. 
:* Based on differentiation, the [[tumor]] may be:
:** Well differentiated (low grade): Normal appearance 
:** Poorly differentiated (high grade): Abnormal [[Gland|glandular]] appearance with a positive mucin stain
:* '''Subtypes'''<ref name="libre">Adenocarcinoma of the lung. Librepathology 2015. http://librepathology.org/wiki/index.php/Adenocarcinoma_of_the_lung#Microscopic Accessed on December 20, 2015</ref>
:**Lepidic predominant:
:*:*[[Tumor]] grows long the [[Alveolus|alveolar]] wall
:**[[Acinus|Acinar]] predominant:
:*:*Berry-shaped glands, smaller than lung [[Acinus|acini]]
:**[[Papillary]] predominant:
:*:*Fibrovascular cores
:**Micropapillary predominant:
:*:*Nipple shaped projections without fibrovascular cores
:**Solid predominant:
:*:*Sheet of [[Cell (biology)|cells]]


==References==
==References==

Revision as of 21:56, 2 March 2018

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Shanshan Cen, M.D. [2]

Overview

Biopsy is helpful in the diagnosis of adenocarcinoma of the lung.[1]

Biopsy

  • Biopsy is helpful in the diagnosis of adenocarcinoma of the lung.
    • Fine needle aspiration (FNA)[1]:
      • CT guided FNA uses a small amount of tissue from a suspected lung tumour or from a lymph node in the chest.
      • FNA may also be obtained during bronchoscopy, along with endobronchial ultrasound, to take samples of lymph nodes around the trachea and bronchi.
  • Thoracentesis
    • Thoracentesis may be done to remove fluid from around the lungs to see if it contains cancer cells.
  • On microscopic histopathological analysis, nuclear atypia, eccentrically placed nuclei, abundant cytoplasm, and conspicuous nucleoli are characteristic findings of adenocarcinoma of the lung.
  • Atypical adenomatous hyperplasia (AAH): is the precursor of peripheral adenocarcinomas. It consists of well demarcated columnar or cuboidal cells with the following features:[2][3]
  • As adenocarcinoma is a derivative of mucus producing glands in the lungs, it tends to stain mucin positive.
  • Based on differentiation, the tumor may be:
    • Well differentiated (low grade): Normal appearance
    • Poorly differentiated (high grade): Abnormal glandular appearance with a positive mucin stain
  • Subtypes[4]
    • Lepidic predominant:
    • Berry-shaped glands, smaller than lung acini
    • Fibrovascular cores
    • Micropapillary predominant:
    • Nipple shaped projections without fibrovascular cores
    • Solid predominant:

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Lung cancer. Canadian Cancer Society 2015.http://www.cancer.ca/en/cancer-information/cancer-type/lung/diagnosis/?region=ab#Endoscopy
  2. ↑ Kumar, Vinay (2007). Robbins basic pathology. Philadelphia, PA: Saunders/Elsevier. ISBN 1416029737.
  3. ↑ Stewart, Bernard (2014). World cancer report 2014. Lyon, France Geneva, Switzerland: International Agency for Research on Cancer,Distributed by WHO Press, World Health Organization. ISBN 9283204298.
  4. ↑ Adenocarcinoma of the lung. Librepathology 2015. http://librepathology.org/wiki/index.php/Adenocarcinoma_of_the_lung#Microscopic Accessed on December 20, 2015


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