Waldenström's macroglobulinemia laboratory findings: Difference between revisions
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*Elevated [[creatinine]] | *Elevated [[creatinine]] | ||
*Electrolyte abnormalities: | *Electrolyte abnormalities: | ||
:*Hypercalcemia(4%) | :*[[Hypercalcemia]](4%) | ||
*Elevated [[erythrocyte sedimentation rate]] and [[uric acid]] | *Elevated [[erythrocyte sedimentation rate]] and [[uric acid]] | ||
*Total protein levels | *Total protein levels | ||
Revision as of 01:06, 11 January 2016
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Waldenström's macroglobulinemia Microchapters |
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Differentiating Waldenström's macroglobulinemia from other Diseases |
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Mirdula Sharma, MBBS [2]
Overview
M spike of IgM type of immunoglobulin is diagnostic of waldenström's macroglobulinemia. [1][2]
Laboratory Findings
Complete blood count
- Normocytic normochromic anemia: presents in 80% of patients[1]
- Leukopenia
- Thrombocytopenia: presents in 50% of patients with bleeding diathesis
Peripheral smear
- Plasmacytoid lymphocytes
- Normocytic normochromic red blood cells
- Rouleaux formation
Serum and urine protein electrophoresis
- Screening test for waldenström's macroglobulinemia [2]
- Detection of M spike
Serum and urine immunofixation
- Confirmatory test for waldenström's macroglobulinemia[2]
- Determines the IgM type of immunoglobulin
Chemistry lab tests
- Elevated beta-2-microglobulin in proportion to tumor mass
- Elevated lactate dehydrogenase
- Elevated creatinine
- Electrolyte abnormalities:
- Hypercalcemia(4%)
- Elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate and uric acid
- Total protein levels
- Albumin-to-globulin ratio
- Rheumatoid factor, cryoglobulins, direct anti-globulin test, and cold agglutinin titre results can be positive.
- Coagulation studies can be abnormal with elevated prothrombin time, activated partial thromboplastin time, and thrombin time.
Plasma viscosity
- Plasma viscosity should be measured in patients presenting with hyperviscosity syndrome whenever the monoclonal IgM protein spike is >4 g/dL.
- The normal plasma viscosity is 1.8 centipoise.
- Patients start presenting with hyperviscosity symptoms when viscosity >4 centipoise.
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 García-Sanz R, Montoto S, Torrequebrada A, de Coca AG, Petit J, Sureda A, Rodríguez-García JA, Massó P, Pérez-Aliaga A, Monteagudo MD, Navarro I, Moreno G, Toledo C, Alonso A, Besses C, Besalduch J, Jarque I, Salama P, Rivas JA, Navarro B, Bladé J, Miguel JF (2001). "Waldenström macroglobulinaemia: presenting features and outcome in a series with 217 cases". Br. J. Haematol. 115 (3): 575–82. PMID 11736938.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Waldenström macroglobulinaemia. American Cancer Society (2015) http://www.cancer.org/cancer/waldenstrommacroglobulinemia/detailedguide/waldenstrom-macroglobulinemia-diagnosis Accessed on November 15th, 2015