Superior vena cava syndrome history and symptoms: Difference between revisions

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{{Superior vena cava syndrome}}
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==Overview==
==Overview==
SVC syndrome usually presents more gradually with an increase in symptoms over time as malignancies increase in size or invasiveness.<ref name="emedicine">{{cite web | last = Beeson | first = Michael S | title = Superior Vena Cava Syndrome | url=http://www.emedicine.com/emerg/topic561.htm | accessdate = 2008-03-24 }}</ref> Symptoms occur when something blocks the [[blood]] flowing back to the [[heart]]. They may begin suddenly or gradually, and may worsen when you bend over or lie down. The most common symptoms are  shortness of breath ([[dyspnea]]) and [[swelling]] of the face, neck, trunk, and arms.
 
The hallmark of superior vena cava syndrome is elevated jugular pressure and dyspnea. A positive history of cancer and intra-vascular devices are suggestive of superior vena cava syndrome. The most common symptoms of superior vena cava syndrome include upper body [[swelling]], [[dyspnea]], and cough.<ref name="pmid16502166">{{cite journal |vauthors=Uberoi R |title=Quality assurance guidelines for superior vena cava stenting in malignant disease |journal=Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol |volume=29 |issue=3 |pages=319–22 |year=2006 |pmid=16502166 |doi=10.1007/s00270-005-0284-9 |url=}}</ref>


==History==
==History==


Obtaining the history is the most important aspect of making a diagnosis of SVCS. It provides insight into cause, possible recurrence and associated comorbid conditions. Complete history will help determine the correct therapy and helps in determining the prognosis. Specific histories about the symptoms (duration, onset, progression), associated symptoms, drug usage have to be obtained.<ref name="pmid16502166">{{cite journal |vauthors=Uberoi R |title=Quality assurance guidelines for superior vena cava stenting in malignant disease |journal=Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol |volume=29 |issue=3 |pages=319–22 |year=2006 |pmid=16502166 |doi=10.1007/s00270-005-0284-9 |url=}}</ref> Specific areas of focus when obtaining the history, are outlined below:
*Onset, duration and progression of symptoms
*History of cancer
*History of infections
*Recent surgeries or interventions (eg. intravascular devices).
*Associated symptoms(lethargy, fever, confusion)
*Previous response to glucocorticoids


==Symptoms==
==Symptoms==
SVCS usually presents more gradually with an increase in symptoms over time as malignancies increase in size.<ref name="emedicine">{{cite web | last = Beeson | first = Michael S | title = Superior Vena Cava Syndrome | url=http://www.emedicine.com/emerg/topic561.htm | accessdate = 2008-03-24 }}</ref> Symptoms occur when obstruction of venous [[blood]] flow back to the heart is compromised. Symptoms may begin suddenly or gradually, and may worsen with posture change. Symptoms are quite varied among benign and malignant SVCS. They can be ranging from sub-clinical presentation to death. SVCS is a oncological emergency which if untreated never resolves on its own.


==Common symptoms==
==Common symptoms==
The most common symptoms include the following:
The most common symptoms include the following:<ref name="wikibooks">Radiation Oncology/Palliation/SVC Syndrome. WikiBooks https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Radiation_Oncology/Palliation/SVC_Syndrome Accessed on January 13, 2016</ref>
*[[Dyspnea]]
*[[Dyspnea]]
*[[Cough]]
*[[Cough]]
Line 18: Line 29:


==Less common symptoms==
==Less common symptoms==
Less common symptoms include the following:
Less common symptoms include the following:<ref name="wikibooks">Radiation Oncology/Palliation/SVC Syndrome. WikiBooks https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Radiation_Oncology/Palliation/SVC_Syndrome Accessed on January 13, 2016</ref>
 
*[[Hoarseness]]
*[[Hoarseness]]
*[[Chest pain]]
*[[Chest pain]]

Revision as of 18:57, 13 January 2016

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Maria Fernanda Villarreal, M.D. [2]

Overview

The hallmark of superior vena cava syndrome is elevated jugular pressure and dyspnea. A positive history of cancer and intra-vascular devices are suggestive of superior vena cava syndrome. The most common symptoms of superior vena cava syndrome include upper body swelling, dyspnea, and cough.[1]

History

Obtaining the history is the most important aspect of making a diagnosis of SVCS. It provides insight into cause, possible recurrence and associated comorbid conditions. Complete history will help determine the correct therapy and helps in determining the prognosis. Specific histories about the symptoms (duration, onset, progression), associated symptoms, drug usage have to be obtained.[1] Specific areas of focus when obtaining the history, are outlined below:

  • Onset, duration and progression of symptoms
  • History of cancer
  • History of infections
  • Recent surgeries or interventions (eg. intravascular devices).
  • Associated symptoms(lethargy, fever, confusion)
  • Previous response to glucocorticoids

Symptoms

SVCS usually presents more gradually with an increase in symptoms over time as malignancies increase in size.[2] Symptoms occur when obstruction of venous blood flow back to the heart is compromised. Symptoms may begin suddenly or gradually, and may worsen with posture change. Symptoms are quite varied among benign and malignant SVCS. They can be ranging from sub-clinical presentation to death. SVCS is a oncological emergency which if untreated never resolves on its own.

Common symptoms

The most common symptoms include the following:[3]

Less common symptoms

Less common symptoms include the following:[3]

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Uberoi R (2006). "Quality assurance guidelines for superior vena cava stenting in malignant disease". Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol. 29 (3): 319–22. doi:10.1007/s00270-005-0284-9. PMID 16502166.
  2. ↑ Beeson, Michael S. "Superior Vena Cava Syndrome". Retrieved 2008-03-24.
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 Radiation Oncology/Palliation/SVC Syndrome. WikiBooks https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Radiation_Oncology/Palliation/SVC_Syndrome Accessed on January 13, 2016

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