Breast cancer physical examination: Difference between revisions

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==Overview==
==Physical Examination==
==Physical Examination==
A physical examination allows the doctor to look for any signs of breast cancer. During a physical examination, the doctor may:<ref name = ss> Breast cancer. Canadian Cancer Society (2015) http://www.cancer.ca/en/cancer-information/cancer-type/breast/diagnosis/?region=on Accessed on January 16, 2016</ref>
===General Appearance===
* Patients with breast cancer are generally well appearing.Patients are generally oriented to time, place, and person.<ref name = PE> Breast Cancer. Ganfyd (2015) http://www.ganfyd.org/index.php?title=Breast_cancer#Presenting_Symptoms Accessed on january 16, 2016</ref>


*do a clinical breast examination (CBE) to check the breasts and lymph nodes for:
===Neck===
*breast lumps
Enlarged supraclavicular lymph nodes
*hardening or thickening in the breast tissue
 
*skin changes on the breast, including dimpling
===Breast===
*changes in the nipples
*Lump
*swollen lymph nodes in the armpit (axilla) and above and below the collarbone
:*may be attached to the skin or chest wall and cannot be moved.
*feel the abdomen to check for an enlarged liver
:*The lump may feel hard, irregular in shape and very different from the rest of the breast tissue
*listen to the lungs
:*The lump may be tender, but it is usually not painful.
*Dimpling of the skin
*Peau d'orange
:*thickening and dimpling of the skin
*Change in size of affected breast  
*Inverted nipple
*Redness, swelling and increased warmth - in Inflammatory breast cancer
*Crusting, ulcers or scaling on the nipple - in Paget's disease of breast
*Discharge from nipple - mostly bloody
 
===Respiratory===
Signs of metastasis
*Pleural effusion
*Consolidation
 
===Abdomen===
Signs of metastasis to liver
*Jaundice
*Hepatomegaly
*Ascites
 
===Extremity===
Signs of metastasis
*Bone tenderness
*Pathological fractures
 
===Neuromuscular===
Signs of metastasis
*Headache
*Seizure
*Personality change
*Papilloedema


==References==
==References==

Revision as of 05:54, 18 January 2016

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Mirdula Sharma, MBBS [2]

Overview

Physical Examination

General Appearance

  • Patients with breast cancer are generally well appearing.Patients are generally oriented to time, place, and person.[1]

Neck

Enlarged supraclavicular lymph nodes

Breast

  • Lump
  • may be attached to the skin or chest wall and cannot be moved.
  • The lump may feel hard, irregular in shape and very different from the rest of the breast tissue
  • The lump may be tender, but it is usually not painful.
  • Dimpling of the skin
  • Peau d'orange
  • thickening and dimpling of the skin
  • Change in size of affected breast
  • Inverted nipple
  • Redness, swelling and increased warmth - in Inflammatory breast cancer
  • Crusting, ulcers or scaling on the nipple - in Paget's disease of breast
  • Discharge from nipple - mostly bloody

Respiratory

Signs of metastasis

  • Pleural effusion
  • Consolidation

Abdomen

Signs of metastasis to liver

  • Jaundice
  • Hepatomegaly
  • Ascites

Extremity

Signs of metastasis

  • Bone tenderness
  • Pathological fractures

Neuromuscular

Signs of metastasis

  • Headache
  • Seizure
  • Personality change
  • Papilloedema

References

  1. ↑ Breast Cancer. Ganfyd (2015) http://www.ganfyd.org/index.php?title=Breast_cancer#Presenting_Symptoms Accessed on january 16, 2016

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