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==Landmark Events in the Development of Treatment Strategies== | ==Landmark Events in the Development of Treatment Strategies== | ||
*Initial therapies in the 1960s included: | *Initial therapies in the 1960s included: | ||
**Cold water mist to alleviate symptoms.< | **Cold water mist to alleviate symptoms.<ref name=HistReview>{{cite journal |vauthors=Marchessault V |title=Historical review of croup |journal=Paediatr Child Health |volume=6 |issue=10 |pages=721–3 |year=2001 |pmid=20084146 |pmc=2805983 |doi= |url=}}</ref> | ||
**[[Tracheotomy]] if the patient is hospitalized.< | **[[Tracheotomy]] if the patient is hospitalized.<ref name=HistReview>{{cite journal |vauthors=Marchessault V |title=Historical review of croup |journal=Paediatr Child Health |volume=6 |issue=10 |pages=721–3 |year=2001 |pmid=20084146 |pmc=2805983 |doi= |url=}}</ref> | ||
*Nebulized [[Epinephrine]] was introduced as a Croup therapy in the 1970s', attempting to prevent hospitalization.< | *Nebulized [[Epinephrine]] was introduced as a Croup therapy in the 1970s', attempting to prevent hospitalization.<ref name=HistReview>{{cite journal |vauthors=Marchessault V |title=Historical review of croup |journal=Paediatr Child Health |volume=6 |issue=10 |pages=721–3 |year=2001 |pmid=20084146 |pmc=2805983 |doi= |url=}}</ref> | ||
*[[Glucocorticoid|Glucocorticoids]] emerged as an effective therapy in the late 1980s' and early 1990s'.< | *[[Glucocorticoid|Glucocorticoids]] emerged as an effective therapy in the late 1980s' and early 1990s'.<ref name=GlucoHist>{{cite journal |vauthors=Kairys SW, Olmstead EM, O'Connor GT |title=Steroid treatment of laryngotracheitis: a meta-analysis of the evidence from randomized trials |journal=Pediatrics |volume=83 |issue=5 |pages=683–93 |year=1989 |pmid=2654865 |doi= |url=}}</ref> | ||
**[[Budesonide]], a nebulized glucocorticoid, emerged after a 1994 study by Dr. Terry Klassen et al.< | **[[Budesonide]], a nebulized glucocorticoid, emerged after a 1994 study by Dr. Terry Klassen et al.<ref name=BudeHist>{{cite journal |vauthors=Klassen TP, Feldman ME, Watters LK, Sutcliffe T, Rowe PC |title=Nebulized budesonide for children with mild-to-moderate croup |journal=N. Engl. J. Med. |volume=331 |issue=5 |pages=285–9 |year=1994 |pmid=8022437 |doi=10.1056/NEJM199408043310501 |url=}}</ref> | ||
==References== | ==References== | ||
{{Reflist|2}} | {{Reflist|2}} | ||
Revision as of 16:43, 20 January 2016
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Luke Rusowicz-Orazem, B.S. Ujjwal Rastogi, MBBS [2]
Overview
The word croup comes from the early modern english verb croup, meaning "to cry hoarsely"; the name was first applied to the disease in Scotland and popularized in the 18th century.[1] Diphtheritic croup has been known since the time of Homer's Ancient Greece and it was not until 1826 that viral croup was differentiated from croup due to diphtheria by Bretonneau.[2] Viral croup was then called "faux-croup" by the French, as "croup" then referred to a disease caused by the diphtheria bacteria. Croup due to diphtheria has become nearly unknown due to the advent of effective immunization.
Discovery
- The first reported cases of diptheritic Croup date back to Ancient Greece, speculated to the 12th century B.C.E.[2]
- Viral Croup was discovered and differentiated from diptheritic Croup in 1826 by French medical doctor Pierre Bretonneau[2]
Landmark Events in the Development of Treatment Strategies
- Initial therapies in the 1960s included:
- Cold water mist to alleviate symptoms.[3]
- Tracheotomy if the patient is hospitalized.[3]
- Nebulized Epinephrine was introduced as a Croup therapy in the 1970s', attempting to prevent hospitalization.[3]
- Glucocorticoids emerged as an effective therapy in the late 1980s' and early 1990s'.[4]
- Budesonide, a nebulized glucocorticoid, emerged after a 1994 study by Dr. Terry Klassen et al.[5]
References
- ↑ Online Etymological Dictionary, croup. Accessed 2010-09-13.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Feigin, Ralph D. (2004). Textbook of pediatric infectious diseases. Philadelphia: Saunders. p. 252. ISBN 0-7216-9329-6.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 Marchessault V (2001). "Historical review of croup". Paediatr Child Health. 6 (10): 721–3. PMC 2805983. PMID 20084146.
- ↑ Kairys SW, Olmstead EM, O'Connor GT (1989). "Steroid treatment of laryngotracheitis: a meta-analysis of the evidence from randomized trials". Pediatrics. 83 (5): 683–93. PMID 2654865.
- ↑ Klassen TP, Feldman ME, Watters LK, Sutcliffe T, Rowe PC (1994). "Nebulized budesonide for children with mild-to-moderate croup". N. Engl. J. Med. 331 (5): 285–9. doi:10.1056/NEJM199408043310501. PMID 8022437.