Sandbox: ATL: Difference between revisions

Revision as of 17:26, 24 January 2016

Common risk factors in the development of adult T-cell leukemia among HTLV carriers include:
Vertical transmission of HTLV infection during infancy
Male sex
Specific human leukocyte antigens such as:

HLA-A 26
HLA-B 4002
HLA-B 4801
Patients with a Strongyloides stercoralis co-infection
An elevated soluble interleukin-2 receptor levels (> 500 U/ml)
An elevated anti-HTLV-1 titer
An elevated HTLV proviral load level (> 4 copies per 100 peripheral blood mononuclear cells)
An elevated WBC count (> 9,000/μL)
An elevated abnormal lymphocyte count
A decreased level of anti-Tax reactivity

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+* Common risk factors in the development of adult T-cell leukemia among HTLV carriers include:
+* Vertical transmission of HTLV infection during infancy
-Host susceptibility
+* Male sex
-Vertical infection with HTLV-1 as infant
+* Specific human leukocyte antigens such as:
-Attained at an age of >50 years
+:* HLA-A 26
-Male sex
+:* HLA-B 4002
-HLA-A*26, HLA-B*4002, HLA-B*4006, and HLA-B*4801 (Japanese ATL)
+:* HLA-B 4801
-Co-infected with Strongyloides stercoralis
+:* Patients with a Strongyloides stercoralis co-infection
-Laboratory markers
+:* An elevated soluble interleukin-2 receptor levels (> 500 U/ml)
-A high level of sil-2R, more than 500 U/ml
+:* An elevated  anti-HTLV-1 titer
-A high level of anti-HTLV-1, titer more than × 1,024
+:* An elevated HTLV proviral load level (> 4 copies per 100 peripheral blood mononuclear cells)
-A high level of circulating abnormal lymphocytes, more than 0.6%
+:* An elevated WBC count (> 9,000/μL)
-A low level of of anti-Tax reactivity
+:* An elevated abnormal lymphocyte count
-A high level of white blood cell count, more than 9,000/μL
+:* A decreased level of anti-Tax reactivity
-Viral markers
-A higher HTLV-1 proviral load level, more than 4 copies per 100 PBMCs