Listeriosis classification

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]

Overview

Listeriosis may be classified according to the clinical syndrome into the following: neonatal listeriosis, genitourinary infection, gastroenteritis, central nervous system infection, endocarditis, bacteremia, and localized infection.

Classification

Listeriosis may be classified according to the clinical syndrome. Clinical syndromes are shown in the following table:

Clinical Syndrome	Description
Neonatal infection (granulomatosis infantisepticum)	May be early-onset (acquired in-utero, manifests as sepsis) or late-onset (vaginal transmission during delivery, manifests as meningitis).
Genitourinary infection	Listeria can proliferate asymptomatically in the vagina and uterus. Manifestations include fever, myalgias, arthralgias and headache. Abortion, stillbirth, and preterm labor are common complications of Listeria genitourinary infection.
Gastroenteritis	Listeria is associated with food-borne, non-invasive gastroenteritis. Manifestations include fever, muscle aches, nausea, diarrhea, headache, confusion, loss of balance, or convulsions.
Central nervous system infection	Listeria may proliferate in in the brain parenchyma (usually brain stem and meninges)
Endocarditis	Listeria endocarditis may affect both native and prosthetic valves. Endocarditis caused by Listeria monocytogenes may signify underlying gastrointestinal tract pathology, including malignancy.
Bacteremia	Manifestations of listerial bacteremia include a prodromal illness with fever, myalgia, nausea, and diarrhea.
Localized infection	Listeria localized infections are uncommon and usually result from direct inoculation or bacteremic spread.