Trichinosis causes

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Danitza Lukac

Overview

Common cause of trichinosis include Trichinella spiralis. Less common causes of trichinosis include T. britovi, T. nativa, T. pseudospiralis, T. papuae, T. nelsoni, T. murrelli, and T. zimbabwensis.

Causes

The classical agent that causes trichinosis is T. spiralis (found worldwide in many carnivorous and omnivorous animals), but there are several other species of Trichinella now recognized, including T. pseudospiralis (mammals and birds worldwide), T. nativa (Arctic bears), T. nelsoni (African predators and scavengers), T. britovi (carnivores of Europe and western Asia), and T. papuae (wild and domestic pigs, Papua New Guinea and Thailand).

Species and characteristics:

Source of Infection and Geographical Distribution of Trichinella species

Disease	Main Source	Geographical Distribution
T. spiralis	Swine	Cosmopolitan
T. britovi	Wild boar, domesticated pigs	Europe, Asia, northern and western Africa
T. nativa	Polar bears, Artic foxes, walruses	Arctic, subarctic regions
T. papuae	Wild pigs, saltwater crocodiles	Papua New Guinea, Thailand
T. nelsoni	Warthogs, bush pigs	Eastern Africa
T. murrelli	Black bear	North America
T. zimbabwensis	Nile crocodiles, monitor lizards	Zimbabwe, Mozambique, Ethiopia, South Africa