Trichinosis diagnostic criteria

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Danitza Lukac

Overview

The diagnosis of trichinosis is based on the European Center for Disease Control criteria, which include a combination of clinical, laboratory and epidemiological criteria.

Diagnostic Criteria

• Clinical criteria
  • At least 3 of the following 6 diagnostic criteria are met:
    • Muscle soreness and pain
    • Diarrhoea
    • Fever
    • Facial swelling
    • Subconjunctival, subungual and retinal bleeding
    • Increased eosinophils in the blood
• Laboratory criteria
  • At least 1 of the following 2 diagnostic criteria are met:
    • Confirmation of anti-trichinella IgG by ELISA, western-blot or IFA
    • Confirmation of trichinella larvae in muscle tissue by biopsy
• Epidemiological criteria
  • At least 1 of the following 3 diagnostic criteria are met:
    • Epidemiological connection to exposure of the same common source of a patient with confirmed laboratory result
    • Laboratory result confirming consumption of potentially parasitised products from an infected animal
    • Laboratory result confirming consumption of parasitised meat
• Confirmed case:
  • Patient with clinical and laboratory criteria within the last 2 months
• Possible case:
  • Patient with clinical and epidemiological criteria