Tick-borne encephalitis differential diagnosis: Difference between revisions
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==Overview== | ==Overview== | ||
==Differentiating between infections among TBEV subtypes== | |||
*Three subtypes of tick-borne encephalitis are commonly responsible for infection. These subtypes and their specific clinical manifestations are outlined in the table below: | |||
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! style="width: 80px; background: #4479BA; text-align: center;" |{{fontcolor|#FFF|Subtype}} | |||
! style="width: 720px; background: #4479BA; text-align: center;" | {{fontcolor|#FFF|Clinical manifestations}} | |||
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| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" | ''Siberian'' | |||
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*May persist as a chronic disease. | |||
*5% of cases present in focal encephalitic forms | |||
*47% present in meningeal forms | |||
*40% present in febrile forms | |||
*21% present in a biphasic form. | |||
*Fatality is apporxiamtely 2%, with continuous complications and a potentially chronic condition. | |||
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| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" | ''Far Eastern'' | |||
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*31-64% of cases present in focal encephalitic forms. | |||
*26% present in meningeal forms | |||
*14-16% present in febrile forms | |||
*3-8% present in biphasic forms | |||
*25% of cases recover fully | |||
*Fatality is approximately 35% and chronic disease develops is an estimated 0.5% of patients. | |||
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| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" | ''European'' | |||
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*72-87% experience a biphasic illness. The first phase includes an onset of non-specific flu like symptoms. Following phase one is a remission period of approximately 8 days, during which phase most patients will appear asymptomatic. Further neurological manifestations will appear in phase two. | |||
*20-30% of patients will progress in to phase two. | |||
*Clinical characteristic features of the second stage include meningitis, meningoencephalitis, meningoencephalomyelitis, and meningoencephaloradiculitis. | |||
*Fatality occurs in less than 2% of cases. | |||
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==Differentiating between tick-borne encephalitis and other tick-borne diseases== | ==Differentiating between tick-borne encephalitis and other tick-borne diseases== | ||
*Disease vectors responsible for the transmission of tick-borne encephalitis are commonly carriers of other tick-borne diseases. Therefore due to this common disease vector, a healthcare provider must recognize all potential co-infections. A healthcare provider must also be able to distinguish between the different tick-borne diseases and TBEV. Found below is a table of tick-borne diseases, including TBEV, and their typical clinical manifestations. | |||
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! style="width: 80px; background: #4479BA; text-align: center;" |{{fontcolor|#FFF|Disease}} | ! style="width: 80px; background: #4479BA; text-align: center;" |{{fontcolor|#FFF|Disease}} | ||
Revision as of 16:15, 8 February 2016
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Ilan Dock, B.S.
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Tick-borne encephalitis Microchapters |
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Diagnosis |
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Treatment |
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Case Studies |
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Tick-borne encephalitis differential diagnosis On the Web |
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Risk calculators and risk factors for Tick-borne encephalitis differential diagnosis |
Overview
Differentiating between infections among TBEV subtypes
- Three subtypes of tick-borne encephalitis are commonly responsible for infection. These subtypes and their specific clinical manifestations are outlined in the table below:
| Subtype | Clinical manifestations |
|---|---|
| Siberian |
|
| Far Eastern |
|
| European |
|
Differentiating between tick-borne encephalitis and other tick-borne diseases
- Disease vectors responsible for the transmission of tick-borne encephalitis are commonly carriers of other tick-borne diseases. Therefore due to this common disease vector, a healthcare provider must recognize all potential co-infections. A healthcare provider must also be able to distinguish between the different tick-borne diseases and TBEV. Found below is a table of tick-borne diseases, including TBEV, and their typical clinical manifestations.
| Disease | Symptoms |
|---|---|
| Tick-borne meningoencephalitis [1] | Early Phase: Non-specific symptoms including fever, malaise, anorexia, muscle pains, headaches, nausea, and vomiting. Second Phase: Meningitis symptoms, headache, stiff neck, encephalitis, drowsiness, sensory disturbances, and potential paralysis. |
| Bacterial Infection | |
| Borreliosis (Lyme Disease) [2] | Flu-like illness, fatigue, fever, arthritis, neuroborreliosis, cranial nerve palsy, carditis and erythema migrans. |
| Relapsing Fever [3] | Consistently documented high fevers, flu-like illness, headaches, muscular soreness or joint pain, altered mental state, painful urination, rash, and rigors. |
| Typhus (Rickettsia) | |
| Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever | Fever, alterations in mental state, myalgia, rash, and headaches. |
| Helvetica Spotted Fever [4] | Rash: spotted, red dots. Respiratory symptoms (dyspnea, cough), muscle pain, and headaches. |
| Ehrlichiosis Anaplasmosis [5] | Fever, headache, chills, malaise, muscle pain, nausea, confusion, conjunctivitis, or rash (60% in children and 30% in adults). |
| Tularemia [6] | Ulceroglandular, Glandular, Oculoglandular, Oroglandular, Pneumonic, Typhoidal. |
| Viral Infection | |
| Colorado Tick Fever [7] | Common symptoms include fever, chills, headache, body aches, and lethargy. Other symptoms associated with the disease include sore throat, abdominal pain, vomiting, and a skin rash. A biphasic fever is a hallmark of Colorado Tick Fever and presents itself in nearly 50% of infected patients. |
| Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever | Initially infected patients will likely feel a few of the following symptoms; headache, high fever, back and joint pain, stomach pain, vomiting, flushed face, red throat petechiae of the palate, and potentially changes in mood as well as sensory perception. |
| Protozoan Infection | |
| Babesiosis [8] | Non-specific flu like symptoms. |
References
- ↑ General Disease Information (TBE). Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2015). http://www.cdc.gov/vhf/tbe/ Accessed on December 30, 2015
- ↑ Lyme Disease Information for HealthCare Professionals. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2015). http://www.cdc.gov/lyme/healthcare/index.html Accessed on December 30, 2015
- ↑ Relapsing Fever Information. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2015). http://www.cdc.gov/relapsing-fever/ Accessed on December 30, 2015
- ↑ Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever Information. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2015). http://www.cdc.gov/rmsf/ Accessed on December 30, 2015
- ↑ Disease index General Information (2015). http://www.cdc.gov/parasites/babesiosis/health_professionals/index.html Accessed on December 30, 2015
- ↑ Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever Information. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2015). \http://www.cdc.gov/tularemia/index.html Accessed on December 30, 2015
- ↑ General Tick Deisease Information. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2015). http://www.cdc.gov/coloradotickfever/index.html Accessed on December 30, 2015
- ↑ Babesiosis. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2015). http://www.cdc.gov/parasites/babesiosis/disease.htmlAccessed December 8, 2015.