Brucellosis physical examination: Difference between revisions
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==Overview== | ==Overview== | ||
Patients with brucellosis are usually well-appearing.<ref name="aa">Madkour M. Madkour's Brucellosis. Springer Science & Business Media; 2012.</ref> Common physical examination findings include hepatomegaly, splenomegaly, and lymphadenopathy.<ref name="pmid15930423">{{cite journal| author=Pappas G, Akritidis N, Bosilkovski M, Tsianos E| title=Brucellosis. | journal=N Engl J Med | year= 2005 | volume= 352 | issue= 22 | pages= 2325-36 | pmid=15930423 | doi=10.1056/NEJMra050570 | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=15930423 }} </ref> | Patients with brucellosis are usually well-appearing.<ref name="aa">Madkour M. Madkour's Brucellosis. Springer Science & Business Media; 2012.</ref> Common physical examination findings include [[hepatomegaly]], [[splenomegaly]], and [[lymphadenopathy]].<ref name="pmid15930423">{{cite journal| author=Pappas G, Akritidis N, Bosilkovski M, Tsianos E| title=Brucellosis. | journal=N Engl J Med | year= 2005 | volume= 352 | issue= 22 | pages= 2325-36 | pmid=15930423 | doi=10.1056/NEJMra050570 | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=15930423 }} </ref> | ||
==Physical Examination== | ==Physical Examination== | ||
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===Neck=== | ===Neck=== | ||
*Cervical lymphadenopathy | *Cervical [[lymphadenopathy]] | ||
===Lungs=== | ===Lungs=== | ||
*Increased tactile fremitus | *Increased [[tactile fremitus]] | ||
*Dullness on percussion | *Dullness on [[Percussion of the lungs|percussion]] | ||
*Decreased breath sounds | *Decreased [[breath sounds]] | ||
*Bronchial breath sounds | *Bronchial [[breath sounds]] | ||
*Rhonchi | *[[Rhonchi]] | ||
*Crackles, Rales | *[[Crackles]], [[Rales]] | ||
*Increased vocal fremitus | *Increased vocal [[fremitus]] | ||
**May be present in lobar pneumonia | **May be present in [[lobar pneumonia]] | ||
===Heart=== | ===Heart=== | ||
*Heart murmurs | *Heart murmurs | ||
**May be present in infective endocarditis | **May be present in [[infective endocarditis]] | ||
===Abdomen=== | ===Abdomen=== | ||
*Hepatomegaly | *[[Hepatomegaly]] | ||
*Splenomegaly | *[[Splenomegaly]] | ||
* | *[[Lymphadenopathy]] | ||
===Genitourinary=== | ===Genitourinary=== | ||
*Inguinal lymphadenopathy | *Inguinal [[lymphadenopathy]] | ||
*Positive Prehn's sign | *Positive [[Prehn's sign]] | ||
**May be present in epididymitis | **May be present in [[epididymitis]] | ||
*Swollen testicle or testicles | *Swollen testicle or testicles | ||
**May be present in orchitis | **May be present in [[orchitis]] | ||
===Extremities=== | ===Extremities=== | ||
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**Warm, red, tender joints | **Warm, red, tender joints | ||
**Difficulty moving a joint (called "limited range of motion") | **Difficulty moving a joint (called "limited range of motion") | ||
**May be present in peripheral arthritis | **May be present in peripheral [[arthritis]] | ||
*Pain around sacroiliac joints | *Pain around sacroiliac joints | ||
**May be present in sacroiliitis | **May be present in [[sacroiliitis]] | ||
*Positive Schober test | *Positive [[Schober's test]] | ||
**May be present in | **May be present in [[spondylitis]] | ||
===Neuromuscular=== | ===Neuromuscular=== | ||
*Nuchal rigidity | *[[Nuchal rigidity]] | ||
*Kernig's sign | *[[Kernig's sign]] | ||
*Brudzinski's | *[[Brudzinski's sign]] | ||
**May be present in meningitis<ref name="pmid15930423">{{cite journal| author=Pappas G, Akritidis N, Bosilkovski M, Tsianos E| title=Brucellosis. | journal=N Engl J Med | year= 2005 | volume= 352 | issue= 22 | pages= 2325-36 | pmid=15930423 | doi=10.1056/NEJMra050570 | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=15930423 }} </ref> | **May be present in [[meningitis]]<ref name="pmid15930423">{{cite journal| author=Pappas G, Akritidis N, Bosilkovski M, Tsianos E| title=Brucellosis. | journal=N Engl J Med | year= 2005 | volume= 352 | issue= 22 | pages= 2325-36 | pmid=15930423 | doi=10.1056/NEJMra050570 | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=15930423 }} </ref> | ||
==Reference== | ==Reference== | ||
Revision as of 14:14, 9 February 2016
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Raviteja Guddeti, M.B.B.S. [2] Danitza Lukac
Overview
Patients with brucellosis are usually well-appearing.[1] Common physical examination findings include hepatomegaly, splenomegaly, and lymphadenopathy.[2]
Physical Examination
Appearance of the Patient
- Patients are usually well-appearing[1]
Neck
- Cervical lymphadenopathy
Lungs
- Increased tactile fremitus
- Dullness on percussion
- Decreased breath sounds
- Bronchial breath sounds
- Rhonchi
- Crackles, Rales
- Increased vocal fremitus
- May be present in lobar pneumonia
Heart
- Heart murmurs
- May be present in infective endocarditis
Abdomen
Genitourinary
- Inguinal lymphadenopathy
- Positive Prehn's sign
- May be present in epididymitis
- Swollen testicle or testicles
- May be present in orchitis
Extremities
- Knee, hips, ankles and wrists:
- Fluid around a joint
- Warm, red, tender joints
- Difficulty moving a joint (called "limited range of motion")
- May be present in peripheral arthritis
- Pain around sacroiliac joints
- May be present in sacroiliitis
- Positive Schober's test
- May be present in spondylitis
Neuromuscular
- Nuchal rigidity
- Kernig's sign
- Brudzinski's sign
- May be present in meningitis[2]
Reference
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Madkour M. Madkour's Brucellosis. Springer Science & Business Media; 2012.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Pappas G, Akritidis N, Bosilkovski M, Tsianos E (2005). "Brucellosis". N Engl J Med. 352 (22): 2325–36. doi:10.1056/NEJMra050570. PMID 15930423.