Cystitis classification: Difference between revisions
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===Classification due to etiology=== | ===Classification due to etiology=== | ||
There are several medically distinct types of cystitis, each having a unique [[etiology]] and therapeutic approach: | There are several medically distinct types of cystitis, each having a unique [[etiology]] and therapeutic approach: | ||
===Traumatic Cystitis=== | ====Traumatic Cystitis==== | ||
It is probably the most common form of cystitis in the female, and is due to bruising of the [[bladder]], usually by abnormally forceful sexual intercourse. This is often followed by [[bacterial cystitis]], frequently by [[Escherichia coli|coliform]] [[bacteria]] being transferred from the [[intestine|bowel]] through the [[urethra]] into the bladder. | It is probably the most common form of cystitis in the female, and is due to bruising of the [[bladder]], usually by abnormally forceful sexual intercourse. This is often followed by [[bacterial cystitis]], frequently by [[Escherichia coli|coliform]] [[bacteria]] being transferred from the [[intestine|bowel]] through the [[urethra]] into the bladder. | ||
===Interstitial Cystitis=== | ====Interstitial Cystitis==== | ||
It is considered more of an injury to the [[bladder]] resulting in constant irritation and rarely involves the presence of [[infection]]. IC patients are often misdiagnosed with [[UTI]]/cystitis for years before they are told that their [[urine culture]]s are negative. [[Antibiotic]]s are not used in the treatment of IC. The cause of IC is unknown, though some suspect it may be autoimmune where the [[immune system]] attacks the bladder. Several therapies are now available. | It is considered more of an injury to the [[bladder]] resulting in constant irritation and rarely involves the presence of [[infection]]. IC patients are often misdiagnosed with [[UTI]]/cystitis for years before they are told that their [[urine culture]]s are negative. [[Antibiotic]]s are not used in the treatment of IC. The cause of IC is unknown, though some suspect it may be autoimmune where the [[immune system]] attacks the bladder. Several therapies are now available. | ||
===Eosinophilic Cystitis=== | ====Eosinophilic Cystitis==== | ||
It is a rare form of cystitis that is diagnosed via [[biopsy]]. In these cases, the [[bladder]] wall is infiltrated with a high number of [[eosinophils]]. The cause of EC may be attributed to infection by [[Schistosoma haematobium]] or by certain medications in afflicted children. Some consider it a form of interstitial cystitis. | It is a rare form of cystitis that is diagnosed via [[biopsy]]. In these cases, the [[bladder]] wall is infiltrated with a high number of [[eosinophils]]. The cause of EC may be attributed to infection by [[Schistosoma haematobium]] or by certain medications in afflicted children. Some consider it a form of interstitial cystitis. | ||
===Hemorrhagic Cystitis=== | ====Hemorrhagic Cystitis==== | ||
It can occur as a side effect of [[cyclophosphamide]], [[ifosfamide]], and radiation therapy. Radiation cystitis, one form of hemorrhagic cystitis is a rare consequence of patients undergoing radiation therapy for the treatment of [[cancer]]. Several [[adenovirus]] serotypes have been associated with an acute, self-limited hemorrhagic cystitis, which occurs primarily in boys. It is characterized by [[hematuria]], and [[virus]] can usually be recovered from the [[urine]]. | It can occur as a side effect of [[cyclophosphamide]], [[ifosfamide]], and [[radiation ]]therapy. Radiation cystitis, one form of hemorrhagic cystitis is a rare consequence of patients undergoing radiation therapy for the treatment of [[cancer]]. Several [[adenovirus]] serotypes have been associated with an acute, self-limited hemorrhagic cystitis, which occurs primarily in boys. It is characterized by [[hematuria]], and [[virus]] can usually be recovered from the [[urine]]. | ||
===Cystitis Cystica=== | ====Cystitis Cystica==== | ||
This is a chronic cystitis glandularis accompanied by the formation of [[cyst]]s. This disease can cause chronic [[urinary tract infection]]s. It appears as small cysts filled with fluid and lined by one or more layers of [[epithelial cell]]s. These are due to hydropic degeneration in the center of Brunn's nests. | This is a chronic cystitis glandularis accompanied by the formation of [[cyst]]s. This disease can cause chronic [[urinary tract infection]]s. It appears as small cysts filled with fluid and lined by one or more layers of [[epithelial cell]]s. These are due to hydropic degeneration in the center of Brunn's nests. | ||
Revision as of 23:16, 8 February 2016
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]
Overview
Cystitis may be classified according to the etiology and therapeutic approach into 5 subtypes: traumatic, interstitial, eosinophilic, hemorrhagic cystitis, and cystitis cystica.
Classification
Classification due to etiology
There are several medically distinct types of cystitis, each having a unique etiology and therapeutic approach:
Traumatic Cystitis
It is probably the most common form of cystitis in the female, and is due to bruising of the bladder, usually by abnormally forceful sexual intercourse. This is often followed by bacterial cystitis, frequently by coliform bacteria being transferred from the bowel through the urethra into the bladder.
Interstitial Cystitis
It is considered more of an injury to the bladder resulting in constant irritation and rarely involves the presence of infection. IC patients are often misdiagnosed with UTI/cystitis for years before they are told that their urine cultures are negative. Antibiotics are not used in the treatment of IC. The cause of IC is unknown, though some suspect it may be autoimmune where the immune system attacks the bladder. Several therapies are now available.
Eosinophilic Cystitis
It is a rare form of cystitis that is diagnosed via biopsy. In these cases, the bladder wall is infiltrated with a high number of eosinophils. The cause of EC may be attributed to infection by Schistosoma haematobium or by certain medications in afflicted children. Some consider it a form of interstitial cystitis.
Hemorrhagic Cystitis
It can occur as a side effect of cyclophosphamide, ifosfamide, and radiation therapy. Radiation cystitis, one form of hemorrhagic cystitis is a rare consequence of patients undergoing radiation therapy for the treatment of cancer. Several adenovirus serotypes have been associated with an acute, self-limited hemorrhagic cystitis, which occurs primarily in boys. It is characterized by hematuria, and virus can usually be recovered from the urine.
Cystitis Cystica
This is a chronic cystitis glandularis accompanied by the formation of cysts. This disease can cause chronic urinary tract infections. It appears as small cysts filled with fluid and lined by one or more layers of epithelial cells. These are due to hydropic degeneration in the center of Brunn's nests.
Classification according to duration
For the purpose of treatment, cystitis may be classified into:
- Acute uncomplicated cystitis
- Complicated cystitis
- Recurrent cystitis