Tularemia risk factors: Difference between revisions
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==Risk Factors== | ==Risk Factors== | ||
* In the United States, most persons with tularemia acquire the infection from arthropod bites, particularly tick bites, or from contact with infected mammals, particularly rabbits | ===Modes of Transmission=== | ||
*In the United States, most persons with tularemia acquire the infection from arthropod bites, particularly tick bites, or from contact with infected mammals, particularly rabbits. | |||
* Outbreaks of tularemia in the United States have been associated with muskrat handling, tick bites, deerfly bites, and lawn mowing or cutting brush. | *Outbreaks of tularemia in the United States have been associated with muskrat handling, tick bites, deerfly bites, and lawn mowing or cutting brush. | ||
* Sporadic cases in the United States have been associated with contaminated drinking water and various laboratory exposures. | *Sporadic cases in the United States have been associated with contaminated drinking water and various laboratory exposures. | ||
* Outbreaks of pneumonic tularemia, particularly in low-incidence areas, should prompt consideration of bioterrorism.<ref>http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5109a1.htm</ref> | *Outbreaks of pneumonic tularemia, particularly in low-incidence areas, should prompt consideration of bioterrorism.<ref>http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5109a1.htm</ref> | ||
===Seasonality=== | |||
*In recent years, a seasonal increase in incidence has occurred only in the late spring and summer months, when arthropod bites are most common. | |||
===Age and Sex=== | |||
*Tularemia is more common among males than females. | |||
*Tularemia occurs within populations of all ages, however is most common within children. | |||
==References== | ==References== | ||
Revision as of 20:30, 22 February 2016
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]
Risk Factors
Modes of Transmission
- In the United States, most persons with tularemia acquire the infection from arthropod bites, particularly tick bites, or from contact with infected mammals, particularly rabbits.
- Outbreaks of tularemia in the United States have been associated with muskrat handling, tick bites, deerfly bites, and lawn mowing or cutting brush.
- Sporadic cases in the United States have been associated with contaminated drinking water and various laboratory exposures.
- Outbreaks of pneumonic tularemia, particularly in low-incidence areas, should prompt consideration of bioterrorism.[1]
Seasonality
- In recent years, a seasonal increase in incidence has occurred only in the late spring and summer months, when arthropod bites are most common.
Age and Sex
- Tularemia is more common among males than females.
- Tularemia occurs within populations of all ages, however is most common within children.