Seminoma risk factors: Difference between revisions
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==Risk Factors== | ==Risk Factors== | ||
Common risk factors for testicular seminoma include:<ref name=riskfactorsofseminoma1>Risk factors for testicular seminoma. Dr Marcin Czarniecki and Dr Andrew Dixon et al. Radiopaedia 2016. http://radiopaedia.org/articles/testicular-seminoma-1. Accessed on February 25, 2016></ref><ref name=riskfactorsfortesticulargermcelltumotrssnkjb>Risk factors for testicular germ cell tumors. Dr Matt A. Morgan and Dr Andrew Dixon et al. Radiopaedia 2016. Accessed on February 25, 2016</ref> | Common risk factors for testicular seminoma include:<ref name=riskfactorsofseminoma1>Risk factors for testicular seminoma. Dr Marcin Czarniecki and Dr Andrew Dixon et al. Radiopaedia 2016. http://radiopaedia.org/articles/testicular-seminoma-1. Accessed on February 25, 2016></ref><ref name=riskfactorsfortesticulargermcelltumotrssnkjb>Risk factors for testicular germ cell tumors. Dr Matt A. Morgan and Dr Andrew Dixon et al. Radiopaedia 2016. Accessed on February 25, 2016</ref> | ||
*Caucasian race | *'''Caucasian race''' | ||
*Undescended testis | *'''Undescended testis''' | ||
:*10-40x increased risk | :*10-40x increased risk | ||
:*around 10% of seminoma are associated with undescended testis | :*around 10% of seminoma are associated with undescended testis | ||
| Line 14: | Line 14: | ||
:*[[orchidopexy]] prior to puberty can reduce the tumor risk | :*[[orchidopexy]] prior to puberty can reduce the tumor risk | ||
:*increased risk in the contralateral normally descended testis | :*increased risk in the contralateral normally descended testis | ||
*Previous tumor in contralateral testis | *'''Previous tumor in contralateral testis''' | ||
*Family history of [[germ cell tumor|testicular germ cell tumor]] | *'''Family history of [[germ cell tumor|testicular germ cell tumor]]''' | ||
:*4x increased risk if father affected | :*4x increased risk if father affected | ||
:*9x increased risk if brother affected | :*9x increased risk if brother affected | ||
*Testicular microlithiasis | *'''Testicular microlithiasis''' | ||
:*8x increased risk in symptomatic testicle with microlithiasis | :*8x increased risk in symptomatic testicle with microlithiasis | ||
:*no increased risk found in asymptomatic testicles therefore screening is unlikely to be useful | :*no increased risk found in asymptomatic testicles therefore screening is unlikely to be useful | ||
*Testicular dysgenesis | *'''Testicular dysgenesis''' | ||
:*Testicular feminization | :*Testicular feminization | ||
:*[[Klinefelter syndrome]] | :*[[Klinefelter syndrome]] | ||
*Other risk factors | *'''Other risk factors''' | ||
:*Infections such as [[HIV]], [[orchitis]] | :*Infections such as [[HIV]], [[orchitis]] | ||
:*History of trauma | :*History of trauma | ||
Revision as of 13:46, 29 February 2016
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Sujit Routray, M.D. [2]
Overview
Risk Factors
Common risk factors for testicular seminoma include:[1][2]
- Caucasian race
- Undescended testis
- 10-40x increased risk
- around 10% of seminoma are associated with undescended testis
- higher risk if intra-abdominal testis compared with intra-inguinal
- orchidopexy prior to puberty can reduce the tumor risk
- increased risk in the contralateral normally descended testis
- Previous tumor in contralateral testis
- Family history of testicular germ cell tumor
- 4x increased risk if father affected
- 9x increased risk if brother affected
- Testicular microlithiasis
- 8x increased risk in symptomatic testicle with microlithiasis
- no increased risk found in asymptomatic testicles therefore screening is unlikely to be useful
- Testicular dysgenesis
- Testicular feminization
- Klinefelter syndrome
- Other risk factors
References
- ↑ Risk factors for testicular seminoma. Dr Marcin Czarniecki and Dr Andrew Dixon et al. Radiopaedia 2016. http://radiopaedia.org/articles/testicular-seminoma-1. Accessed on February 25, 2016>
- ↑ Risk factors for testicular germ cell tumors. Dr Matt A. Morgan and Dr Andrew Dixon et al. Radiopaedia 2016. Accessed on February 25, 2016