Squamous cell carcinoma of the lung screening: Difference between revisions
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==Overview== | ==Overview== | ||
According to the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF), screening for lung cancer by low-dose computed tomography is recommended every year among smokers who are between 55 to 80 years old and who have history of smoke 30 pack-years or more and either continue to smoke or have quit within the past 15 years (grade B recommendation).<ref name=“lung screen">Lung Cancer: Screening http://www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/Page/Document/UpdateSummaryFinal/lung-cancer-screening. Accessed on February 3, 2016 </ref><ref name=“JAMA”>Davis AM, Cifu AS. Lung Cancer Screening. JAMA. 2014;312(12):1248-1249. doi:10.1001/jama.2014.12272.</ref><ref name=“ludng">National Lung Screening Trial. Wikipedia. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Lung_Screening_Trial Accessed on February 4,2016< | According to the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF), screening for lung cancer by low-dose computed tomography (LDCT) is recommended every year among smokers who are between 55 to 80 years old and who have history of smoke 30 pack-years or more and either continue to smoke or have quit within the past 15 years (grade B recommendation).<ref name=“lung screen">Lung Cancer: Screening http://www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/Page/Document/UpdateSummaryFinal/lung-cancer-screening. Accessed on February 3, 2016 <nowiki></ref></nowiki><ref name="“JAMA”">Davis AM, Cifu AS. Lung Cancer Screening. JAMA. 2014;312(12):1248-1249. doi:10.1001/jama.2014.12272.</ref><ref name=“ludng">National Lung Screening Trial. Wikipedia. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Lung_Screening_Trial Accessed on February 4,2016<nowiki></ref></nowiki> | ||
==Screening== | ==Screening== | ||
'''Guidelines''' | '''Guidelines''' | ||
* According to the clinical practice guideline by the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force ([[USPSTF]]), screening for lung cancer by low-dose computed tomography (LDCT) is recommended every year among smokers and former smokers who are between 55 to 80 years old and who have smoked 30 pack-years or more and either continue to smoke or have quit within the past 15 years (grade B recommendation).<ref name=abc>Lung Cancer Screening. U.S. Preventive Services Task Force 2015. http://www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/Page/Document/UpdateSummaryFinal/lung-cancer-screening Accessed on December 20, 2015</ref> | * According to the clinical practice guideline by the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force ([[USPSTF]]), screening for lung cancer by low-dose computed tomography (LDCT) is recommended every year among smokers and former smokers who are between 55 to 80 years old and who have smoked 30 pack-years or more and either continue to smoke or have quit within the past 15 years (grade B recommendation).<ref name="abc">Lung Cancer Screening. U.S. Preventive Services Task Force 2015. http://www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/Page/Document/UpdateSummaryFinal/lung-cancer-screening Accessed on December 20, 2015</ref> | ||
* According to the [[American College of Chest Physicians]] (CHEST) in 2013, screening for lung cancer by low-dose CT (LDCT) is recommended every year among smokers and former smokers who are | * According to the [[American College of Chest Physicians]] (CHEST) in 2013, screening for lung cancer by low-dose CT (LDCT) is recommended every year among smokers and former smokers who are aged between 55 and 74 years and who have smoked for 30 pack-years or more and either continue to smoke or have quit within the past 15 years.<ref name="pmid23649455">{{cite journal| author=Detterbeck FC, Mazzone PJ, Naidich DP, Bach PB| title=Screening for Lung Cancer: Diagnosis and Management of Lung Cancer, 3rd ed: American College of Chest Physicians Evidence-Based Clinical Practice Guidelines. | journal=Chest | year= 2013 | volume= 143 | issue= 5 Suppl | pages= e78S-92S | pmid=23649455 | doi=10.1378/chest.12-2350 | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=23649455 }} [http://general-medicine.jwatch.org/cgi/content/full/2013/522/2 Summary in JournalWatch]</ref> | ||
* To | * To view all the screening guidelines recommendations for squamous cell lung carcinoma, click [[Non small cell lung cancer screening#Screening Guidelines|here]] | ||
'''Strategies''' | '''Strategies''' | ||
| Line 32: | Line 32: | ||
:* Harms | :* Harms | ||
::* False positive exams | ::* False positive exams | ||
::* The majority | ::* The majority of all positive chest x-ray screening exams do not result in a true positive diagnosis of lung cancer. | ||
::* False-positive exams result in unnecessary invasive diagnostic procedures. | ::* False-positive exams result in unnecessary invasive diagnostic procedures. | ||
''' | '''Over-diagnosis''' | ||
* Based on current evidence, the majority of non-small cell lung cancers detected by screening chest x-ray and/or sputum cytology appear to represent | * Based on current evidence, the majority of non-small cell lung cancers detected by screening chest x-ray and/or sputum cytology appear to represent over-diagnosed cancer.<ref name="JAMA">Davis AM, Cifu AS. Lung Cancer Screening. JAMA. 2014;312(12):1248-1249. doi:10.1001/jama.2014.12272.</ref> | ||
*The magnitude of | *The magnitude of over-diagnosis appears to be between 5% and 25%. | ||
*These cancers result in unnecessary diagnostic procedures and also lead to unnecessary treatment. | *These cancers result in unnecessary diagnostic procedures and also lead to unnecessary treatment. | ||
*Harms of diagnostic procedures and treatment occur most frequently among long-term and/or heavy smokers because of smoking-associated | *Harms of diagnostic procedures and treatment occur most frequently among long-term and/or heavy smokers because of smoking-associated co-morbidities that increase risk propagation. | ||
==References== | ==References== | ||
Revision as of 19:31, 25 April 2016
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Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Lung Microchapters |
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Differentiating Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Lung from other Diseases |
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Squamous cell carcinoma of the lung screening On the Web |
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Shanshan Cen, M.D. [2] Maria Fernanda Villarreal, M.D. [3]
Overview
According to the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF), screening for lung cancer by low-dose computed tomography (LDCT) is recommended every year among smokers who are between 55 to 80 years old and who have history of smoke 30 pack-years or more and either continue to smoke or have quit within the past 15 years (grade B recommendation).[1]</nowiki>[2][3]</nowiki>
Screening
Guidelines
- According to the clinical practice guideline by the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF), screening for lung cancer by low-dose computed tomography (LDCT) is recommended every year among smokers and former smokers who are between 55 to 80 years old and who have smoked 30 pack-years or more and either continue to smoke or have quit within the past 15 years (grade B recommendation).[4]
- According to the American College of Chest Physicians (CHEST) in 2013, screening for lung cancer by low-dose CT (LDCT) is recommended every year among smokers and former smokers who are aged between 55 and 74 years and who have smoked for 30 pack-years or more and either continue to smoke or have quit within the past 15 years.[5]
- To view all the screening guidelines recommendations for squamous cell lung carcinoma, click here
Strategies
- Low-dose helical computed tomography[6]
- Benefits
- There is evidence that screening persons aged 55 to 74 years who have cigarette smoking histories of 30 or more pack-years and who, if they are former smokers, have quit within the last 15 years reduces lung cancer mortality by 20% and all-cause mortality by 6.7%.
- Harms
- The majority of of all positive low-dose helical computed tomography screening exams do not result in a lung cancer diagnosis.
- False-positive exams may result in unnecessary invasive diagnostic procedures.
- Chest x-ray and/or sputum cytology[7]
- Benefits
- Screening with chest x-ray and/or sputum cytology does not reduce mortality from lung cancer in the general population or in ever-smokers.
- Harms
- False positive exams
- The majority of all positive chest x-ray screening exams do not result in a true positive diagnosis of lung cancer.
- False-positive exams result in unnecessary invasive diagnostic procedures.
Over-diagnosis
- Based on current evidence, the majority of non-small cell lung cancers detected by screening chest x-ray and/or sputum cytology appear to represent over-diagnosed cancer.[7]
- The magnitude of over-diagnosis appears to be between 5% and 25%.
- These cancers result in unnecessary diagnostic procedures and also lead to unnecessary treatment.
- Harms of diagnostic procedures and treatment occur most frequently among long-term and/or heavy smokers because of smoking-associated co-morbidities that increase risk propagation.
References
- ↑ Lung Cancer: Screening http://www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/Page/Document/UpdateSummaryFinal/lung-cancer-screening. Accessed on February 3, 2016 <nowiki>
- ↑ Davis AM, Cifu AS. Lung Cancer Screening. JAMA. 2014;312(12):1248-1249. doi:10.1001/jama.2014.12272.
- ↑ National Lung Screening Trial. Wikipedia. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Lung_Screening_Trial Accessed on February 4,2016<nowiki>
- ↑ Lung Cancer Screening. U.S. Preventive Services Task Force 2015. http://www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/Page/Document/UpdateSummaryFinal/lung-cancer-screening Accessed on December 20, 2015
- ↑ Detterbeck FC, Mazzone PJ, Naidich DP, Bach PB (2013). "Screening for Lung Cancer: Diagnosis and Management of Lung Cancer, 3rd ed: American College of Chest Physicians Evidence-Based Clinical Practice Guidelines". Chest. 143 (5 Suppl): e78S–92S. doi:10.1378/chest.12-2350. PMID 23649455. Summary in JournalWatch
- ↑ Lung Cancer Screening. National Cancer Institute 2015. http://www.cancer.gov/types/lung/hp/lung-screening-pdq Accessed on December 20, 2015
- ↑ 7.0 7.1 Davis AM, Cifu AS. Lung Cancer Screening. JAMA. 2014;312(12):1248-1249. doi:10.1001/jama.2014.12272.