Tick-borne encephalitis classification: Difference between revisions

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__NOTOC__
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{{Tick-borne encephalitis}}
{{CMG}} {{AE}} {{IMD}}


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{{Tick-borne encephalitis}}


==Overview==
==Overview==
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*May persist as a chronic disease.   
*May persist as a chronic disease.   
*5% of cases present in focal encephalitic forms  
*Less focal encephalitic forms  
*47% present in meningeal forms
*Majority of cases present in meningeal forms  
*40% present in febrile forms
*May present itself as biphasic.  
*21% present in a biphasic form.
*Fatality is apporxiamtely 2%, with continuous complications and a potentially chronic condition.  
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| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" | ''Far Eastern'' <ref name= "Enceph Prime"> Tick-borne Encephalitis Virus: A General Overview. http://cdn.intechopen.com/pdfs-wm/20866.pdf. Accessed February 4, 2016. </ref>
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" | ''Far Eastern'' <ref name= "Enceph Prime"> Tick-borne Encephalitis Virus: A General Overview. http://cdn.intechopen.com/pdfs-wm/20866.pdf. Accessed February 4, 2016. </ref>
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*31-64% of cases present in focal encephalitic forms.  
*Commonly present in focal encephalitic forms.  
*26% present in meningeal forms
*Less meningeal forms
*14-16% present in febrile forms
*Rarely in biphasic form
*3-8% present in biphasic forms
*25% of cases recover fully
*Fatality is approximately 35% and chronic disease develops is an estimated 0.5% of patients.
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| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" | ''European'' <ref name= "Enceph Prime"> Tick-borne Encephalitis Virus: A General Overview. http://cdn.intechopen.com/pdfs-wm/20866.pdf. Accessed February 4, 2016. </ref>
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" | ''European'' <ref name= "Enceph Prime"> Tick-borne Encephalitis Virus: A General Overview. http://cdn.intechopen.com/pdfs-wm/20866.pdf. Accessed February 4, 2016. </ref>
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*72-87% experience a biphasic illness. The first phase includes an onset of non-specific flu like symptoms. Following phase one is a remission period of approximately 8 days, during which phase most patients will appear asymptomatic. Further neurological manifestations will appear in phase two.
*Commonly a biphasic illness.  
*20-30% of patients will progress in to phase two.  
*Clinical characteristic features of the second stage include meningitis, meningoencephalitis, meningoencephalomyelitis, and meningoencephaloradiculitis.  
*Clinical characteristic features of the second stage include meningitis, meningoencephalitis, meningoencephalomyelitis, and meningoencephaloradiculitis.  
*Fatality occurs in less than 2% of cases.
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Revision as of 13:28, 8 March 2016

Tick-borne encephalitis Microchapters

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Overview

Historical Perspective

Classification

Pathophysiology

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Differentiating Tick-borne encephalitis from other Diseases

Epidemiology and Demographics

Risk Factors

Natural History, Complications and Prognosis

Diagnosis

History and Symptoms

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Ilan Dock, B.S.


Overview

There are three distinct subtypes associated with the tick-borne encephalitis virus. They include a Siberian, a Far Eastern, and a European subtype. Each subtype infection will display with different clinical manifestations. Identifying the subtype responsible for infection may assist in predicting the overall severity of the disease.

Classification

  • TBE virus has three subtypes: [1]
  1. Siberian subtype (Tick vector: unknown)
  2. Far Eastern subtype (Tick vector: Ixodes persulcatus)
  3. European subtype (Tick vector: Ixodes ricinus)
  • Subtypes may be useful in predicting the severity of infection.
  • The following expresses the three major and most common subtypes responsible for human infection, as well as the associated symptoms.
Subtype Clinical manifestations
Siberian [2]
  • May persist as a chronic disease.
  • Less focal encephalitic forms
  • Majority of cases present in meningeal forms
  • May present itself as biphasic.
Far Eastern [2]
  • Commonly present in focal encephalitic forms.
  • Less meningeal forms
  • Rarely in biphasic form
European [2]
  • Commonly a biphasic illness.
  • Clinical characteristic features of the second stage include meningitis, meningoencephalitis, meningoencephalomyelitis, and meningoencephaloradiculitis.

References

  1. ↑ Signs and Symptoms Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. http://www.cdc.gov/vhf/tbe/symptoms/index.html Accessed February 9, 2016
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Tick-borne Encephalitis Virus: A General Overview. http://cdn.intechopen.com/pdfs-wm/20866.pdf. Accessed February 4, 2016.
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