Cardiac tamponade causes: Difference between revisions
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==Overview== | ==Overview== | ||
Cardiac tamponade is caused by the accumulation of a large or uncontrolled [[pericardial effusion]]. | Cardiac tamponade is caused by the accumulation of a large or uncontrolled [[pericardial effusion]]. The effusion can occur rapidly (as in the case of trauma or myocardial rupture), or over a more gradual period of time (as in cancer). The fluid involved is often [[blood]], but [[pus]] is also found in some circumstances. Common causes of increased [[pericardial effusion]] include [[hypothyroidism]], [[trauma]] (either penetrating trauma involving the pericardium or blunt chest trauma), [[pericarditis]] (inflammation of the pericardium), iatrogenic trauma (during an invasive procedure), and [[ventricular rupture]]. | ||
==Causes== | ==Causes== | ||
===Life Threatening Causes=== | ===Life Threatening Causes=== | ||
Life-threatening causes include conditions which may result in death or permanent disability within 24 hours if left untreated. Any cause of pericardial effusion capable of compromising the hemodynamic status of a patient is potentially life threatening. | Life-threatening causes include conditions which may result in death or permanent disability within 24 hours if left untreated. Any cause of pericardial effusion capable of compromising the hemodynamic status of a patient is potentially life threatening.<ref>Mattson Porth, C. (Ed.) (2005) (7th Ed.) Pathophysiology: Concepts of Altered Health States. Philadelphia : Lippincott Williams & Wilkins ISBN 978-0781749886 </ref><ref>Mattson Porth, C. (Ed.) (2005) (7th Ed.) Pathophysiology: Concepts of Altered Health States. Philadelphia : Lippincott Williams & Wilkins ISBN 978-0781749886 </ref> | ||
===Common Causes=== | ===Common Causes=== | ||
Revision as of 13:36, 3 February 2020
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Cafer Zorkun, M.D., Ph.D. [2]; Varun Kumar, M.B.B.S.
Overview
Cardiac tamponade is caused by the accumulation of a large or uncontrolled pericardial effusion. The effusion can occur rapidly (as in the case of trauma or myocardial rupture), or over a more gradual period of time (as in cancer). The fluid involved is often blood, but pus is also found in some circumstances. Common causes of increased pericardial effusion include hypothyroidism, trauma (either penetrating trauma involving the pericardium or blunt chest trauma), pericarditis (inflammation of the pericardium), iatrogenic trauma (during an invasive procedure), and ventricular rupture.
Causes
Life Threatening Causes
Life-threatening causes include conditions which may result in death or permanent disability within 24 hours if left untreated. Any cause of pericardial effusion capable of compromising the hemodynamic status of a patient is potentially life threatening.[1][2]
Common Causes
- Ascending aortic dissection
- Collagen vascular diseases
- Iatrogenic - central line insertion, pacemaker insertion, coronary interventions, myocardial biopsy
- Idiopathic
- Malignancy - breast cancer, Kaposi's sarcoma, lung cancer, lymphomas
- Penetrating trauma
- Pericarditis
- Bacteria - pneumococcus, streptococcus, staphylococcus
- Fungus - blastomyces, cryptococcus, histoplasma, pneumocystis carinii
- Tuberculous
- Virus - coxsackie virus, echovirus, CMV
Causes by Organ System
Causes in Alphabetical Order
References
- ↑ Mattson Porth, C. (Ed.) (2005) (7th Ed.) Pathophysiology: Concepts of Altered Health States. Philadelphia : Lippincott Williams & Wilkins ISBN 978-0781749886
- ↑ Mattson Porth, C. (Ed.) (2005) (7th Ed.) Pathophysiology: Concepts of Altered Health States. Philadelphia : Lippincott Williams & Wilkins ISBN 978-0781749886