Pulmonary nodule imaging: Difference between revisions
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===CT=== | ===CT=== | ||
'''Calcification''' | |||
*Calcification patterns are commonly seen in granulomatous disease and hamartomas | |||
*Diffuse | *Characteristic calcification patterns of pulmonary nodule, include: | ||
*Central | :*Diffuse | ||
*Laminated | :*Central | ||
*Popcorn | :*Laminated | ||
:*Popcorn | |||
'''Size''' | '''Size''' | ||
* | |||
* | *Different size ranges of pulmonary nodule, include: | ||
* | * Nodules less than 4mm | ||
* | * Nodules between 4mm and 7mm | ||
* Nodules between 8mm and 20mm | |||
* Nodules more than 20mm | |||
'''Growth''' | '''Growth''' | ||
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'''Shape''' | '''Shape''' | ||
*Polygonal | *Polygonal | ||
*Circular | *Circular | ||
:*Spherical | |||
'''Margins''' | '''Margins''' | ||
*Lobulated or scalloped margins | *Lobulated or scalloped margins | ||
:*Intermediate probability | :*Intermediate malignancy probability | ||
*Smooth margins | *Smooth margins | ||
*: | *:Associated with nodule benignancy | ||
'''Attenuation''' | '''Attenuation''' | ||
*Solid | *Solid pulmonary nodules | ||
:*Malignancy rate of only 7% | :*Malignancy rate of only 7% | ||
*Partly solid | *Calcified pulmonary nodules | ||
*Partly solid pulmonary nodules | |||
:*Malignancy rate of 63% | :*Malignancy rate of 63% | ||
* | *Ground glass pulmonary nodules | ||
:*Malignancy rate of 18% | :*Malignancy rate of 18% | ||
'''Contrast enhancement''' | '''Contrast enhancement''' | ||
* Contrast enhancement of pulmonary nodules may be useful to determine benign or malignant features | |||
* Benign pulmonary nodules usually have a contrast enhancement less than 15 HU | |||
Revision as of 15:39, 18 March 2016
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Pulmonary Nodule Microchapters |
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Diagnosis |
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Treatment |
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Case Studies |
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Pulmonary nodule imaging On the Web |
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American Roentgen Ray Society Images of Pulmonary nodule imaging |
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Risk calculators and risk factors for Pulmonary nodule imaging |
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Maria Fernanda Villarreal, M.D. [2]
Overview
Conventional radiography is the initial method of choice for the evaluation of solitary pulmonary nodule. The evaluation and risk assessment of solitary pulmonary nodule will depend on several characteristics, such as: size, growth, shape, margin, air bronchogram sign, and attenuation. Further evaluation of solitary pulmonary lung nodule, should include enhanced CT scan or MRI imaging. Other imaging studies include PET scanning, which may be useful as a staging modality, detection of occult disease, and malignancy assessment.
Imaging
Plain Radiograph
- Conventional radiography is the initial method of choice for the evaluation of pulmonary nodule
- Conventional chest radiograph may also be helpful in the diagnosis of pulmonary nodule
CT
Calcification
- Calcification patterns are commonly seen in granulomatous disease and hamartomas
- Characteristic calcification patterns of pulmonary nodule, include:
- Diffuse
- Central
- Laminated
- Popcorn
Size
- Different size ranges of pulmonary nodule, include:
- Nodules less than 4mm
- Nodules between 4mm and 7mm
- Nodules between 8mm and 20mm
- Nodules more than 20mm
Growth
Shape
- Polygonal
- Circular
- Spherical
Margins
- Lobulated or scalloped margins
- Intermediate malignancy probability
- Smooth margins
- Associated with nodule benignancy
Attenuation
- Solid pulmonary nodules
- Malignancy rate of only 7%
- Calcified pulmonary nodules
- Partly solid pulmonary nodules
- Malignancy rate of 63%
- Ground glass pulmonary nodules
- Malignancy rate of 18%
Contrast enhancement
- Contrast enhancement of pulmonary nodules may be useful to determine benign or malignant features
- Benign pulmonary nodules usually have a contrast enhancement less than 15 HU
On CT, radiological signs of pulmonary nodule, include:
- Corona radiata sign
- Highly associated with malignancy
- Air bronchogram sign
- Non-specific sign