Retinitis pathophysiology: Difference between revisions
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===Retinitis Pigmentosa=== | ===Retinitis Pigmentosa=== | ||
*Retinitis pigmentosa is an umbrella term for multiple genetic, retinal disorders. | *Retinitis pigmentosa is an umbrella term for multiple genetic, retinal disorders. | ||
*Retinal genetic disorders include; night blindness, visual acuity, a fundus appearance, posterior subscapular cataracts, vitreous particle formation, sector retintis, pregnancy based retinitis. | *Retinal genetic disorders include; night blindness, visual acuity, a fundus appearance, posterior subscapular cataracts, vitreous particle formation, sector retintis, pregnancy based retinitis. <ref name= "GenRev"> GeneReviews. Retinitis Pigmentosa Overview. 2013; Abigail T Fahim, MD, PhD, Stephen P Daiger, PhD, and Richard G Weleber, MD, DABMG, FACMG. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK1417/ Accessed April 12, 2016. </ref> | ||
====Night blindness, Visual acuity, and Fundus appearance==== | ====Night blindness, Visual acuity, and Fundus appearance==== | ||
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*Progression of retinitis will result in the narrowing of arteriolar portion of the fundus, accompanied by intraretinal pigmentation, and disturbances, often degradation pigments in the pigment epithelium. | *Progression of retinitis will result in the narrowing of arteriolar portion of the fundus, accompanied by intraretinal pigmentation, and disturbances, often degradation pigments in the pigment epithelium. | ||
*Pigment degradation in the pigment epithelium is an indicator of further degeneration of photoreceptors. This interruption will often manifest in clumping of melanin in odd, coarse configurations. | *Pigment degradation in the pigment epithelium is an indicator of further degeneration of photoreceptors. This interruption will often manifest in clumping of melanin in odd, coarse configurations. | ||
*Further degradation will result in retinal vessel attenuation and dysfunction of the optic nerve. | *Further degradation will result in retinal vessel attenuation and dysfunction of the optic nerve. <ref name= "GenRev"> GeneReviews. Retinitis Pigmentosa Overview. 2013; Abigail T Fahim, MD, PhD, Stephen P Daiger, PhD, and Richard G Weleber, MD, DABMG, FACMG. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK1417/ Accessed April 12, 2016. </ref> | ||
===Cytomegalovirus=== | ===Cytomegalovirus=== | ||
Revision as of 13:19, 12 April 2016
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Overview
Pathophysiology
Retinitis Pigmentosa
- Retinitis pigmentosa is an umbrella term for multiple genetic, retinal disorders.
- Retinal genetic disorders include; night blindness, visual acuity, a fundus appearance, posterior subscapular cataracts, vitreous particle formation, sector retintis, pregnancy based retinitis. [1]
Night blindness, Visual acuity, and Fundus appearance
- Night blindness results from the loss of rod function in the early portion of the clinical course.
- Visual acuity refers to the loss of central acuity correlating to severity of the disease's progression.
- Central acuity has been connected to the macular lesions present in the early clinical course of the disease.
- A fundus appearance often refers to the clinical stage.
- Fundus appearance in earlier stages include defective rod responses.
- Progression of retinitis will result in the narrowing of arteriolar portion of the fundus, accompanied by intraretinal pigmentation, and disturbances, often degradation pigments in the pigment epithelium.
- Pigment degradation in the pigment epithelium is an indicator of further degeneration of photoreceptors. This interruption will often manifest in clumping of melanin in odd, coarse configurations.
- Further degradation will result in retinal vessel attenuation and dysfunction of the optic nerve. [1]
Cytomegalovirus
- Retinitis, caused by cytomegalovirus (CMV), involves the infection of all layers of the retinal tissue.
- Spread of the the infection will occur at approximately 24 nanometers per day.
- Primarily infected areas include the RPE and the subjacent choroid.
- Infection will consist of a vast amount of cellular necrosis across the retina; with the enlargement of infected cells, evidently hosting viral inclusions.
- CMV retinitis, post-treatment, will commonly persist on the previously scarred, retinal tissue.
- Progression of infection may result in the development of small holes across previously scarred and healed tissue.
- Formation of these tiny holes may result in rhegmatogenous retinal detachments. [2]
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 GeneReviews. Retinitis Pigmentosa Overview. 2013; Abigail T Fahim, MD, PhD, Stephen P Daiger, PhD, and Richard G Weleber, MD, DABMG, FACMG. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK1417/ Accessed April 12, 2016.
- ↑ American Academy of Ophthalmology. Pathophysiology of CMV Retinitis. http://www.aao.org/focalpointssnippetdetail.aspx?id=bc891841-b847-4210-a66b-2bb28d1ef1bf. Accessed April 12, 2016.