Sandbox: Maria12: Difference between revisions

Jump to navigation Jump to search
← Older editNewer edit →
VisualWikitext
Maria Villarreal (talk | contribs)
CMEUser, nocaptcha, nukepages, Administrators
7,149 edits
No edit summary
Maria Villarreal (talk | contribs)
CMEUser, nocaptcha, nukepages, Administrators
7,149 edits
No edit summary
Line 1: Line 1:
__NOTOC__
__NOTOC__
{{SI}}
{{SI}}                                                                  
{{CMG}} {{AE}} {{MV}}
{{SK}} Synonym 1; Synonym 2; Synonym 3
==Overview==


{{CMG}}; {{AE}} {{SC}} {{MV}}
{{SK}} Brenner tumor of ovary; Brenner tumor of the ovary; Transitional cell tumour of the ovary;  Ovarian transitional cell tumour
==Overview==
Brenner tumors are an uncommon benign subtype of the [[surface epithelial-stromal tumor]] group of [[Ovarian cancer|ovarian neoplasm]]s. The majority are [[benign]], but some can be [[malignant]].
They are most frequently found incidentally on [[pelvic examination]] or at [[laparotomy]]. Brenner tumours very rarely can occur in other locations, including the [[testes]].<ref name=wikipedia>Brenner tumor. Wikipedia 2015. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brenner_tumour</ref>


==Historical Perspective==
==Historical Perspective==
Brenner tumor was first described in 1907 by Fritz Brenner. The term "Brenner tumor" was first used by Robert Meyer, in 1932.<ref name=wikipedia>Brenner tumor. Wikipedia 2015. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brenner_tumour</ref>
*Paraneoplastic cerebellar degeneration was first discovered by [scientist name], a [nationality + occupation], in [year] during/following [event].
 
*In [year], [gene] mutations were first identified in the pathogenesis of [disease name].
*In [year], the first [discovery] was developed by [scientist] to treat/diagnose [disease name].
==Classification==
==Classification==
 
*Paraneoplastic cerebellar degeneration may be classified according to [classification method] into [number] subtypes/groups:
:*[group1]
:*[group2]
:*[group3]
*Other variants of [disease name] include [disease subtype 1], [disease subtype 2], and [disease subtype 3].
==Pathophysiology==
==Pathophysiology==
===Pathogenesis===
*The pathogenesis of [disease name] is characterized by [feature1], [feature2], and [feature3].
90% of Brenner tumors are unilateral (arising in one ovary, the other is unaffected). The tumors can vary in size from less than 1cm to 30cm. Borderline and malignant Brenner tumours are possible but each are rare.<ref name=wikipedia>Brenner tumor. Wikipedia 2015. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brenner_tumour</ref>
*The [gene name] gene/Mutation in [gene name] has been associated with the development of [disease name], involving the [molecular pathway] pathway.
 
*On gross pathology, [feature1], [feature2], and [feature3] are characteristic findings of [disease name].
May arise from the fallopian tube.
*On microscopic histopathological analysis, [feature1], [feature2], and [feature3] are characteristic findings of [disease name].
Can be seen in the testis.
Thought to arise from Walthard cell rest.
 
===Genetics===
 
===Gross pathology===
On gross pathology, a solid, well-circumscribed, and light yellow [[mass]] is the characteristic finding of Brenner tumor.<ref name=libre>Brenner tumor. Librepathology 2015. http://librepathology.org/wiki/index.php/Brenner_tumour</ref>
 
* Solid, well-circumscribed, light yellow mass
* May be cystic
 
====Gallery====
<gallery>
Image:
Brenner_tumor1.jpg|Brenner tumor<ref name=wikipedia>Brenner tumor. Wikipedia 2015. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brenner_tumour</ref>
</gallery>
 
===Microscopic Pathology===
On microscopic histopathological analysis, nests of transitional epithelium cells, coffee bean nucleus, and dense fibrous stroma around nests are characteristic findings of Brenner tumor.<ref name=libre>Brenner tumor. Librepathology 2015. http://librepathology.org/wiki/index.php/Brenner_tumour</ref>
 
* Nests of transitional epithelium cells<ref name=libre>Brenner tumor. Librepathology 2015. http://librepathology.org/wiki/index.php/Brenner_tumour</ref>
:* A "coffee bean nucleus"
::* Elliptical shape
::* Nuclear grooves
::* Distinct nucleoli
::* Moderate-to-abundant gray or pale cytoplasm
* Dense fibrous stroma around nests
 
====Gallery====
<gallery>
Image:
Brenner_tumor2.jpg|Brenner tumor<ref name=libre>Brenner tumor. Librepathology 2015. http://librepathology.org/wiki/index.php/Brenner_tumour</ref>
</gallery>
 
==Causes==
==Causes==
 
* Paraneoplastic cerebellar degeneration may be caused by either [cause1], [cause2], or [cause3].
==Differentiating Brenner tumor from other Diseases==
* Paraneoplastic cerebellar degeneration is caused by a mutation in the [gene1], [gene2], or [gene3] gene[s].
Brenner tumor must be differentiated from ovarian fibroma and thecoma.
* There are no established causes for [disease name].
* Ovarian fibroma
* Ovarian fibrothecoma
==Differentiating [disease name] from other Diseases==
* Pedunculated leiomyoma
*Paraneoplastic cerebellar degeneration must be differentiated from other diseases that cause [clinical feature 1], [clinical feature 2], and [clinical feature 3], such as:
 
:*[Differential dx1]
:*[Differential dx2]
:*[Differential dx3]
==Epidemiology and Demographics==
==Epidemiology and Demographics==
===Prevalence===
* The prevalence of [disease name] is approximately [number or range] per 100,000 individuals worldwide.
Brenner tumours account for up to 3.2% of ovarian epithelial neoplasms.
* In [year], the incidence of [disease name] was estimated to be [number or range] cases per 100,000 individuals in [location].
 
===Incidence===
 
===Age===
===Age===
Most often found incidentally in women between their 5th and 7th decades of life.
*Patients of all age groups may develop [disease name].
 
*Paraneoplastic cerebellar degeneration is more commonly observed among patients aged [age range] years old.
*Paraneoplastic cerebellar degeneration is more commonly observed among [elderly patients/young patients/children].
===Gender===
===Gender===
 
*Paraneoplastic cerebellar degeneration affects men and women equally.
*[Gender 1] are more commonly affected with [disease name] than [gender 2].
* The [gender 1] to [Gender 2] ratio is approximately [number > 1] to 1.
===Race===
*There is no racial predilection for [disease name].
*Paraneoplastic cerebellar degeneration usually affects individuals of the [race 1] race.
*[Race 2] individuals are less likely to develop [disease name].
==Risk Factors==
==Risk Factors==
*Common risk factors in the development of [disease name] are [risk factor 1], [risk factor 2], [risk factor 3], and [risk factor 4].
== Natural History, Complications and Prognosis==
*The majority of patients with [disease name] remain asymptomatic for [duration/years].
*Early clinical features include [manifestation 1], [manifestation 2], and [manifestation 3].
*If left untreated, [#%] of patients with [disease name] may progress to develop [manifestation 1], [manifestation 2], and [manifestation 3].
*Common complications of [disease name] include [complication 1], [complication 2], and [complication 3].
*Prognosis is generally [excellent/good/poor], and the [1/5/10­year mortality/survival rate] of patients with [disease name] is approximately [#%].
== Diagnosis ==
===Diagnostic Criteria===
*The diagnosis of [disease name] is made when at least [number] of the following [number] diagnostic criteria are met:
:*[criterion 1]
:*[criterion 2]
:*[criterion 3]
:*[criterion 4]
=== Symptoms ===
*Paraneoplastic cerebellar degeneration is usually asymptomatic.
*Symptoms of [disease name] may include the following:
:*[symptom 1]
:*[symptom 2]
:*[symptom 3]
:*[symptom 4]
:*[symptom 5]
:*[symptom 6]
=== Physical Examination ===
*Patients with [disease name] usually appear [general appearance].
*Physical examination may be remarkable for:
:*[finding 1]
:*[finding 2]
:*[finding 3]
:*[finding 4]
:*[finding 5]
:*[finding 6]
=== Laboratory Findings ===
*There are no specific laboratory findings associated with [disease name].


==Screening==
*A  [positive/negative] [test name] is diagnostic of [disease name].
 
*An [elevated/reduced] concentration of [serum/blood/urinary/CSF/other] [lab test] is diagnostic of [disease name].
==Natural history, Complications, and Prognosis==
*Other laboratory findings consistent with the diagnosis of [disease name] include [abnormal test 1], [abnormal test 2], and [abnormal test 3].
===Natural history===
* Mostly benign clinical course.
===Imaging Findings===
* May be malignant - rarely (~1% of Brenner tumours).
*There are no [imaging study] findings associated with [disease name].
* Approximately 6-7% of Brenner tumours can be bilateral.
* They can very rarely can occur in other locations, including the testis.
*[Imaging study 1] is the imaging modality of choice for [disease name].
* Tumours are usually small (< 2cm).  Even with the occasional large tumour (> 10 cm), there is often a lack of local invasion, lymphadenopathy, ascites, or metastases (i.e. peritoneal metastases and omental caking) which help distinguish it from other malignant ovarian neoplasms.
*On [imaging study 1], [disease name] is characterized by [finding 1], [finding 2], and [finding 3].
 
*[Imaging study 2] may demonstrate [finding 1], [finding 2], and [finding 3].
===Complications===
 
=== Other Diagnostic Studies ===
===Prognosis===
*Paraneoplastic cerebellar degeneration may also be diagnosed using [diagnostic study name].
 
*Findings on [diagnostic study name] include [finding 1], [finding 2], and [finding 3].
==Diagnosis==
===Staging===
== Treatment ==
===History and Symptoms===
=== Medical Therapy ===
They are most frequently found incidentally on pelvic examination or at laparotomy.
*There is no treatment for [disease name]; the mainstay of therapy is supportive care.
 
===Physical Examination===
*The mainstay of therapy for [disease name] is [medical therapy 1] and [medical therapy 2].
===Laboratory Findings===
*[Medical therapy 1] acts by [mechanism of action1].
===X Ray===
*Response to [medical therapy 1] can be monitored with [test/physical finding/imaging] every [frequency/duration].
===CT===
 
=== Surgery ===
calcifications have been reported in ~ 83% of Brenner tumours on CT.
*Surgery is the mainstay of therapy for [disease name].
solid component may show mild to moderate enhancement post contrast.
*[Surgical procedure] in conjunction with [chemotherapy/radiation] is the most common approach to the treatment of [disease name].
 
*[Surgical procedure] can only be performed for patients with [disease stage] [disease name].
===MRI===
MRI may be helpful in the diagnosis of Brenner tumor. Findings on MRI suggestive of Brenner tumor is hypointense on T2 weighted sequences.
=== Prevention ===
 
*There are no primary preventive measures available for [disease name].
===Ultrasound===
Ultrasound may be helpful in the diagnosis of Brenner tumor. Findings on ultrasound suggestive of Brenner tumor is a hypochoic solid mass that may be accompanied by calciication.
*Effective measures for the primary prevention of [disease name] include [measure1], [measure2], and [measure3].
 
* Findings on ultrasound suggestive of Brenner tumor include:
:* Hypochoic solid masses
:* Calciication (Calcifications have been reported in 50% of Brenner tumours on ultrasound)
 
===Other Imaging Findings===
===Other Diagnostic Studies===
===Biopsy===
 
 


*Once diagnosed and successfully treated, patients with [disease name] are followed-up every [duration]. Follow-up testing includes [test 1], [test 2], and [test 3].
==References==
==References==
{{reflist|2}}
{{Reflist|2}}
 
[[Category:Gynecology]]
[[Category: Oncology]]
[[Category:Types of cancer]]
[[Category:Oncology]]
 
{{WikiDoc Help Menu}}
 
{{WikiDoc Sources}}

Revision as of 15:18, 13 April 2016

WikiDoc Resources for Sandbox: Maria12

Articles

Most recent articles on Sandbox: Maria12

Most cited articles on Sandbox: Maria12

Review articles on Sandbox: Maria12

Articles on Sandbox: Maria12 in N Eng J Med, Lancet, BMJ

Media

Powerpoint slides on Sandbox: Maria12

Images of Sandbox: Maria12

Photos of Sandbox: Maria12

Podcasts & MP3s on Sandbox: Maria12

Videos on Sandbox: Maria12

Evidence Based Medicine

Cochrane Collaboration on Sandbox: Maria12

Bandolier on Sandbox: Maria12

TRIP on Sandbox: Maria12

Clinical Trials

Ongoing Trials on Sandbox: Maria12 at Clinical Trials.gov

Trial results on Sandbox: Maria12

Clinical Trials on Sandbox: Maria12 at Google

Guidelines / Policies / Govt

US National Guidelines Clearinghouse on Sandbox: Maria12

NICE Guidance on Sandbox: Maria12

NHS PRODIGY Guidance

FDA on Sandbox: Maria12

CDC on Sandbox: Maria12

Books

Books on Sandbox: Maria12

News

Sandbox: Maria12 in the news

Be alerted to news on Sandbox: Maria12

News trends on Sandbox: Maria12

Commentary

Blogs on Sandbox: Maria12

Definitions

Definitions of Sandbox: Maria12

Patient Resources / Community

Patient resources on Sandbox: Maria12

Discussion groups on Sandbox: Maria12

Patient Handouts on Sandbox: Maria12

Directions to Hospitals Treating Sandbox: Maria12

Risk calculators and risk factors for Sandbox: Maria12

Healthcare Provider Resources

Symptoms of Sandbox: Maria12

Causes & Risk Factors for Sandbox: Maria12

Diagnostic studies for Sandbox: Maria12

Treatment of Sandbox: Maria12

Continuing Medical Education (CME)

CME Programs on Sandbox: Maria12

International

Sandbox: Maria12 en Espanol

Sandbox: Maria12 en Francais

Business

Sandbox: Maria12 in the Marketplace

Patents on Sandbox: Maria12

Experimental / Informatics

List of terms related to Sandbox: Maria12

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Maria Fernanda Villarreal, M.D. [2]

Synonyms and keywords: Synonym 1; Synonym 2; Synonym 3

Overview

Historical Perspective

  • Paraneoplastic cerebellar degeneration was first discovered by [scientist name], a [nationality + occupation], in [year] during/following [event].
  • In [year], [gene] mutations were first identified in the pathogenesis of [disease name].
  • In [year], the first [discovery] was developed by [scientist] to treat/diagnose [disease name].

Classification

  • Paraneoplastic cerebellar degeneration may be classified according to [classification method] into [number] subtypes/groups:
  • [group1]
  • [group2]
  • [group3]
  • Other variants of [disease name] include [disease subtype 1], [disease subtype 2], and [disease subtype 3].

Pathophysiology

  • The pathogenesis of [disease name] is characterized by [feature1], [feature2], and [feature3].
  • The [gene name] gene/Mutation in [gene name] has been associated with the development of [disease name], involving the [molecular pathway] pathway.
  • On gross pathology, [feature1], [feature2], and [feature3] are characteristic findings of [disease name].
  • On microscopic histopathological analysis, [feature1], [feature2], and [feature3] are characteristic findings of [disease name].

Causes

  • Paraneoplastic cerebellar degeneration may be caused by either [cause1], [cause2], or [cause3].
  • Paraneoplastic cerebellar degeneration is caused by a mutation in the [gene1], [gene2], or [gene3] gene[s].
  • There are no established causes for [disease name].

Differentiating [disease name] from other Diseases

  • Paraneoplastic cerebellar degeneration must be differentiated from other diseases that cause [clinical feature 1], [clinical feature 2], and [clinical feature 3], such as:
  • [Differential dx1]
  • [Differential dx2]
  • [Differential dx3]

Epidemiology and Demographics

  • The prevalence of [disease name] is approximately [number or range] per 100,000 individuals worldwide.
  • In [year], the incidence of [disease name] was estimated to be [number or range] cases per 100,000 individuals in [location].

Age

  • Patients of all age groups may develop [disease name].
  • Paraneoplastic cerebellar degeneration is more commonly observed among patients aged [age range] years old.
  • Paraneoplastic cerebellar degeneration is more commonly observed among [elderly patients/young patients/children].

Gender

  • Paraneoplastic cerebellar degeneration affects men and women equally.
  • [Gender 1] are more commonly affected with [disease name] than [gender 2].
  • The [gender 1] to [Gender 2] ratio is approximately [number > 1] to 1.

Race

  • There is no racial predilection for [disease name].
  • Paraneoplastic cerebellar degeneration usually affects individuals of the [race 1] race.
  • [Race 2] individuals are less likely to develop [disease name].

Risk Factors

  • Common risk factors in the development of [disease name] are [risk factor 1], [risk factor 2], [risk factor 3], and [risk factor 4].

Natural History, Complications and Prognosis

  • The majority of patients with [disease name] remain asymptomatic for [duration/years].
  • Early clinical features include [manifestation 1], [manifestation 2], and [manifestation 3].
  • If left untreated, [#%] of patients with [disease name] may progress to develop [manifestation 1], [manifestation 2], and [manifestation 3].
  • Common complications of [disease name] include [complication 1], [complication 2], and [complication 3].
  • Prognosis is generally [excellent/good/poor], and the [1/5/10­year mortality/survival rate] of patients with [disease name] is approximately [#%].

Diagnosis

Diagnostic Criteria

  • The diagnosis of [disease name] is made when at least [number] of the following [number] diagnostic criteria are met:
  • [criterion 1]
  • [criterion 2]
  • [criterion 3]
  • [criterion 4]

Symptoms

  • Paraneoplastic cerebellar degeneration is usually asymptomatic.
  • Symptoms of [disease name] may include the following:
  • [symptom 1]
  • [symptom 2]
  • [symptom 3]
  • [symptom 4]
  • [symptom 5]
  • [symptom 6]

Physical Examination

  • Patients with [disease name] usually appear [general appearance].
  • Physical examination may be remarkable for:
  • [finding 1]
  • [finding 2]
  • [finding 3]
  • [finding 4]
  • [finding 5]
  • [finding 6]

Laboratory Findings

  • There are no specific laboratory findings associated with [disease name].
  • A [positive/negative] [test name] is diagnostic of [disease name].
  • An [elevated/reduced] concentration of [serum/blood/urinary/CSF/other] [lab test] is diagnostic of [disease name].
  • Other laboratory findings consistent with the diagnosis of [disease name] include [abnormal test 1], [abnormal test 2], and [abnormal test 3].

Imaging Findings

  • There are no [imaging study] findings associated with [disease name].
  • [Imaging study 1] is the imaging modality of choice for [disease name].
  • On [imaging study 1], [disease name] is characterized by [finding 1], [finding 2], and [finding 3].
  • [Imaging study 2] may demonstrate [finding 1], [finding 2], and [finding 3].

Other Diagnostic Studies

  • Paraneoplastic cerebellar degeneration may also be diagnosed using [diagnostic study name].
  • Findings on [diagnostic study name] include [finding 1], [finding 2], and [finding 3].

Treatment

Medical Therapy

  • There is no treatment for [disease name]; the mainstay of therapy is supportive care.
  • The mainstay of therapy for [disease name] is [medical therapy 1] and [medical therapy 2].
  • [Medical therapy 1] acts by [mechanism of action1].
  • Response to [medical therapy 1] can be monitored with [test/physical finding/imaging] every [frequency/duration].

Surgery

  • Surgery is the mainstay of therapy for [disease name].
  • [Surgical procedure] in conjunction with [chemotherapy/radiation] is the most common approach to the treatment of [disease name].
  • [Surgical procedure] can only be performed for patients with [disease stage] [disease name].

Prevention

  • There are no primary preventive measures available for [disease name].
  • Effective measures for the primary prevention of [disease name] include [measure1], [measure2], and [measure3].
  • Once diagnosed and successfully treated, patients with [disease name] are followed-up every [duration]. Follow-up testing includes [test 1], [test 2], and [test 3].

References

Retrieved from "https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php?title=Sandbox:_Maria12&oldid=1230010"