Epithelioma

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List of terms related to Epithelioma

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Ammu Susheela, M.D. [2]

Synonyms and keywords: Pilomatrixoma; Calcifying Epithelioma of Malherbe; Epithelioma cuniculatum; Carcinoma cuniculatum; Superficial epithelioma

Overview

Epithelioma is an abnormal growth of the epithelium, which is the layer of tissue that covers the surfaces of organs and other structures of the body.

Historical Perspective

• Epithelioma cuniculatum was first discovered by Aird et al in 1954.
• Epithelioma cuniculatum is derived from the words epitheliomameans "tumor of the epithelium"and cuniculate refers to crypt-like spaces seen on histology that resemble rabbit burrows.

Classification

• Epithelioma may be classified according to nature of tumor into 2 subtypes:

• Benign growths
• Malignant carcinomas

• Other variants of epithelioma according to the specific type of epithelial cells that are affected include basal cell carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma.

Pathophysiology

• On gross pathology, bulky exophytic mass are characteristic findings of epithelioma.
• On microscopic histopathological analysis, endophytic and exophytic growth pattern, histiocytes, eosinophils, plasma cells, hyperchromasia, and mitoses are characteristic findings of epithelioma.

Causes

• Epithelioma may be caused by either trauma, chronic irritation,and HPV infection

Differentiating Epithelioma from other Diseases

• Epithelioma must be differentiated from other diseases that cause skin masses, such as:

• Seborrheic keratosis with sebaceous differentiation
• Sebaceous hyperplasia
• Sebaceous adenoma
• Sebaceous carcinoma

Epidemiology and Demographics

Age

• Epithelioma is more commonly observed among older patients above 50 years of age.

Gender

• Male are more commonly affected with epithelioma than female.

Race

• Epithelioma usually affects individuals of the Caucacian race.

Risk Factors

• Common risk factors in the development of epithelioma are trauma, chronic irritation, and HPV infection.

Natural History, Complications and Prognosis

Prognosis

The prognosis varies dramatically, depending on the type and stage at the time of treatment. However, the most common epitheliomas are very easily treated and rarely result in death.

Diagnosis

Diagnostic Criteria

• The diagnosis of [disease name] is made when at least [number] of the

following [number] diagnostic criteria are met:

• [criterion 1]
• [criterion 2]
• [criterion 3]
• [criterion 4]

Symptoms

• [Disease name] is usually asymptomatic.
• Symptoms of [disease name] may include the following:

• [symptom 1]
• [symptom 2]
• [symptom 3]
• [symptom 4]
• [symptom 5]
• [symptom 6]

Physical Examination

• Patients with [disease name] usually appear [general appearance].
• Physical examination may be remarkable for:

• [finding 1]
• [finding 2]
• [finding 3]
• [finding 4]
• [finding 5]
• [finding 6]

Laboratory Findings

• There are no specific laboratory findings associated with [disease name].
• A [positive/negative] [test name] is diagnostic of [disease name].
• An [elevated/reduced] concentration of [serum/blood/urinary/CSF/other] [lab test] is diagnostic of [disease name].
• Other laboratory findings consistent with the diagnosis of [disease name] include [abnormal test 1], [abnormal test 2], and [abnormal test 3].

Imaging Findings

• There are no [imaging study] findings associated with [disease name].
• [Imaging study 1] is the imaging modality of choice for [disease name].
• On [imaging study 1], [disease name] is characterized by [finding 1], [finding 2], and [finding 3].
• [Imaging study 2] may demonstrate [finding 1], [finding 2], and [finding 3].

Other Diagnostic Studies

• [Disease name] may also be diagnosed using [diagnostic study name].
• Findings on [diagnostic study name] include [finding 1], [finding 2], and [finding 3].

Treatment

Treatment usually involves surgically removing the tumor and affected tissue.

Medical Therapy

• There is no treatment for [disease name]; the mainstay of therapy is supportive care.
• The mainstay of therapy for [disease name] is [medical therapy 1] and [medical therapy 2].
• [Medical therapy 1] acts by [mechanism of action1].
• Response to [medical therapy 1] can be monitored with [test/physical finding/imaging] every [frequency/duration].

Surgery

• Surgery is the mainstay of therapy for [disease name].
• [Surgical procedure] in conjunction with [chemotherapy/radiation] is the most common approach to the treatment of [disease name].
• [Surgical procedure] can only be performed for patients with [disease stage] [disease name].

Prevention

• There are no primary preventive measures available for [disease name].
• Effective measures for the primary prevention of [disease name] include [measure1], [measure2], and [measure3].
• Once diagnosed and successfully treated, patients with [disease name] are followedup every [duration]. Followup testing includes [test 1], [test 2], and [test 3].

References

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