Epithelioma

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Ammu Susheela, M.D. [2]

Synonyms and keywords: Pilomatrixoma; Calcifying Epithelioma of Malherbe; Epithelioma cuniculatum; Carcinoma cuniculatum; Superficial epithelioma

Overview

Epithelioma is an abnormal growth of the epithelium, which is the layer of tissue that covers the surfaces of organs and other structures of the body.

Historical Perspective

• Epithelioma cuniculatum was first discovered by Aird et al. in 1954.
• Epithelioma cuniculatum is derived from the words epithelioma, meaning "tumor of the epithelium," and cuniculate, referring to crypt-like spaces seen on histology that resemble rabbit burrows.

Classification

• Epithelioma may be classified according to nature of tumor into 2 subtypes:

• Benign growths
• Malignant carcinomas

• Other variants of epithelioma according to the specific type of epithelial cells that are affected include basal cell carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma.

Pathophysiology

• On gross pathology, bulky exophytic mass are characteristic findings of epithelioma.
• On microscopic histopathological analysis, endophytic and exophytic growth pattern, histiocytes, eosinophils, plasma cells, hyperchromasia, and mitoses are characteristic findings of epithelioma.

Causes

• Epithelioma may be caused by either trauma, chronic irritation,and HPV infection

Differentiating Epithelioma from other Diseases

• Epithelioma must be differentiated from other diseases that cause skin masses, such as:

• Seborrheic keratosis with sebaceous differentiation
• Sebaceous hyperplasia
• Sebaceous adenoma
• Sebaceous carcinoma

Epidemiology and Demographics

Age

• Epithelioma is more commonly observed among older patients above 50 years of age.

Gender

• Male are more commonly affected with epithelioma than female.

Race

• Epithelioma usually affects individuals of the Caucacian race.

Risk Factors

• Common risk factors in the development of epithelioma are trauma, chronic irritation, and HPV infection.

Natural History, Complications and Prognosis

Prognosis

The prognosis varies dramatically, depending on the type and stage at the time of treatment. However, the most common epitheliomas are very easily treated and rarely result in death.

Diagnosis

Symptoms

• Symptoms of epithelioma may include the following:

• Painless swelling

Physical Examination

• Physical examination may be remarkable for:

• Nontender swelling

Laboratory Findings

• There are no specific laboratory findings associated with epithelioma.

Other Diagnostic Studies

• Epithelioma may also be diagnosed using biopsy.

Treatment

Treatment usually involves surgically removing the tumor and affected tissue.

References

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