Sandbox: Otitis externa pathophysiology: Difference between revisions
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==Overview== | ==Overview== | ||
==Pathogenesis== | |||
Otitis externa develops when the external [[ear canal]] becomes more susceptible to infection due to a variety of causes. | |||
== | ===Moisture-bourne infection=== | ||
=== | *Sudden, invasive changes in humidity from a rapid intake of water into the [[ear canal]] can predispose the external ear to infection.<ref name="pmid16138712">{{cite journal |vauthors=Wang MC, Liu CY, Shiao AS, Wang T |title=Ear problems in swimmers |journal=J Chin Med Assoc |volume=68 |issue=8 |pages=347–52 |year=2005 |pmid=16138712 |doi=10.1016/S1726-4901(09)70174-1 |url=}}</ref> | ||
**Prolonged exposure to moisture causes swelling of the [[stratum corneum]]. | |||
**The [[cerumen]] quantity in the [[ear canal]] decreases, weakening an important protective barrier in the ear. | |||
**The [[epithelial]] surface of the skin begins to denegrate, allowing increased access for [[bacterial]] infection. | |||
**The pH value of the [[ear canal]], usually maintained at 5.0 by a combination of the [[cerumen]] and the mechanical construction of the ear, increases and renders the ear more favorable to [[bacterial]] infection and [[otomycosis]].<ref name="pmid19999361">{{cite journal |vauthors=Kim JK, Cho JH |title=Change of external auditory canal pH in acute otitis externa |journal=Ann. Otol. Rhinol. Laryngol. |volume=118 |issue=11 |pages=769–72 |year=2009 |pmid=19999361 |doi= |url=}}</ref> | |||
*The [[bacteria]] ''[[Pseudomonas aeruginosa]]'' and ''[[Staphylococcus aureus]]'' are the most common opportunistic pathogens of otitis externa due to increased humidity.<ref name="pmid21845055">{{cite journal |vauthors=Mösges R, Nematian-Samani M, Eichel A |title=Treatment of acute otitis externa with ciprofloxacin otic 0.2% antibiotic ear solution |journal=Ther Clin Risk Manag |volume=7 |issue= |pages=325–36 |year=2011 |pmid=21845055 |pmc=3150478 |doi=10.2147/TCRM.S6769 |url=}}</ref> | |||
Revision as of 17:15, 2 May 2016
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Luke Rusowicz-Orazem, B.S.
Overview
Pathogenesis
Otitis externa develops when the external ear canal becomes more susceptible to infection due to a variety of causes.
Moisture-bourne infection
- Sudden, invasive changes in humidity from a rapid intake of water into the ear canal can predispose the external ear to infection.[1]
- Prolonged exposure to moisture causes swelling of the stratum corneum.
- The cerumen quantity in the ear canal decreases, weakening an important protective barrier in the ear.
- The epithelial surface of the skin begins to denegrate, allowing increased access for bacterial infection.
- The pH value of the ear canal, usually maintained at 5.0 by a combination of the cerumen and the mechanical construction of the ear, increases and renders the ear more favorable to bacterial infection and otomycosis.[2]
- The bacteria Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus are the most common opportunistic pathogens of otitis externa due to increased humidity.[3]
References
- ↑ Wang MC, Liu CY, Shiao AS, Wang T (2005). "Ear problems in swimmers". J Chin Med Assoc. 68 (8): 347–52. doi:10.1016/S1726-4901(09)70174-1. PMID 16138712.
- ↑ Kim JK, Cho JH (2009). "Change of external auditory canal pH in acute otitis externa". Ann. Otol. Rhinol. Laryngol. 118 (11): 769–72. PMID 19999361.
- ↑ Mösges R, Nematian-Samani M, Eichel A (2011). "Treatment of acute otitis externa with ciprofloxacin otic 0.2% antibiotic ear solution". Ther Clin Risk Manag. 7: 325–36. doi:10.2147/TCRM.S6769. PMC 3150478. PMID 21845055.