Medulloepithelioma: Difference between revisions
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:*[group2] | :*[group2] | ||
:*[group3] | :*[group3] | ||
*Other variants of | *Other variants of medulloepithelioma include [disease subtype 1], [disease subtype 2], and [disease subtype 3]. | ||
==Pathophysiology== | ==Pathophysiology== | ||
*The pathogenesis of | *The pathogenesis of medulloepithelioma is characterized by [feature1], [feature2], and [feature3]. | ||
*The [gene name] gene/Mutation in [gene name] has been associated with the development of | *The [gene name] gene/Mutation in [gene name] has been associated with the development of medulloepithelioma, involving the [molecular pathway] pathway. | ||
*On gross pathology, [feature1], [feature2], and [feature3] are characteristic findings of | *On gross pathology, [feature1], [feature2], and [feature3] are characteristic findings of medulloepithelioma. | ||
*On microscopic histopathological analysis, [feature1], [feature2], and [feature3] are characteristic findings of | *On microscopic histopathological analysis, [feature1], [feature2], and [feature3] are characteristic findings of medulloepithelioma. | ||
==Causes== | ==Causes== | ||
* Medulloepithelioma may be caused by either [cause1], [cause2], or [cause3]. | * Medulloepithelioma may be caused by either [cause1], [cause2], or [cause3]. | ||
* Medulloepithelioma is caused by a mutation in the [gene1], [gene2], or [gene3] gene[s]. | * Medulloepithelioma is caused by a mutation in the [gene1], [gene2], or [gene3] gene[s]. | ||
* There are no established causes for | * There are no established causes for medulloepithelioma. | ||
==Differentiating | ==Differentiating medulloepithelioma from other Diseases== | ||
*Medulloepithelioma must be differentiated from other diseases that cause [clinical feature 1], [clinical feature 2], and [clinical feature 3], such as: | *Medulloepithelioma must be differentiated from other diseases that cause [clinical feature 1], [clinical feature 2], and [clinical feature 3], such as: | ||
:*[Differential dx1] | :*[Differential dx1] | ||
| Line 36: | Line 36: | ||
==Epidemiology and Demographics== | ==Epidemiology and Demographics== | ||
* The prevalence of | * The prevalence of medulloepithelioma is approximately [number or range] per 100,000 individuals worldwide. | ||
* In [year], the incidence of | * In [year], the incidence of medulloepithelioma was estimated to be [number or range] cases per 100,000 individuals in [location]. | ||
===Age=== | ===Age=== | ||
*Patients of all age groups may develop | *Patients of all age groups may develop medulloepithelioma. | ||
*Medulloepithelioma is more commonly observed among patients aged [age range] years old. | *Medulloepithelioma is more commonly observed among patients aged [age range] years old. | ||
| Line 48: | Line 48: | ||
*Medulloepithelioma affects men and women equally. | *Medulloepithelioma affects men and women equally. | ||
*[Gender 1] are more commonly affected with | *[Gender 1] are more commonly affected with medulloepithelioma than [gender 2]. | ||
* The [gender 1] to [Gender 2] ratio is approximately [number > 1] to 1. | * The [gender 1] to [Gender 2] ratio is approximately [number > 1] to 1. | ||
===Race=== | ===Race=== | ||
*There is no racial predilection for | *There is no racial predilection for medulloepithelioma. | ||
*Medulloepithelioma usually affects individuals of the [race 1] race. | *Medulloepithelioma usually affects individuals of the [race 1] race. | ||
*[Race 2] individuals are less likely to develop | *[Race 2] individuals are less likely to develop medulloepithelioma. | ||
==Risk Factors== | ==Risk Factors== | ||
*Common risk factors in the development of | *Common risk factors in the development of medulloepithelioma are [risk factor 1], [risk factor 2], [risk factor 3], and [risk factor 4]. | ||
== Natural History, Complications and Prognosis== | == Natural History, Complications and Prognosis== | ||
*The majority of patients with | *The majority of patients with medulloepithelioma remain asymptomatic for [duration/years]. | ||
*Early clinical features include [manifestation 1], [manifestation 2], and [manifestation 3]. | *Early clinical features include [manifestation 1], [manifestation 2], and [manifestation 3]. | ||
*If left untreated, [#%] of patients with | *If left untreated, [#%] of patients with medulloepithelioma may progress to develop [manifestation 1], [manifestation 2], and [manifestation 3]. | ||
*Common complications of | *Common complications of medulloepithelioma include [complication 1], [complication 2], and [complication 3]. | ||
*Prognosis is generally [excellent/good/poor], and the [1/5/10year mortality/survival rate] of patients with | *Prognosis is generally [excellent/good/poor], and the [1/5/10year mortality/survival rate] of patients with medulloepithelioma is approximately [#%]. | ||
== Diagnosis == | == Diagnosis == | ||
===Diagnostic Criteria=== | ===Diagnostic Criteria=== | ||
*The diagnosis of | *The diagnosis of medulloepithelioma is made when at least [number] of the following [number] diagnostic criteria are met: | ||
:*[criterion 1] | :*[criterion 1] | ||
:*[criterion 2] | :*[criterion 2] | ||
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=== Symptoms === | === Symptoms === | ||
*Medulloepithelioma is usually asymptomatic. | *Medulloepithelioma is usually asymptomatic. | ||
*Symptoms of | *Symptoms of medulloepithelioma may include the following: | ||
:*[symptom 1] | :*[symptom 1] | ||
:*[symptom 2] | :*[symptom 2] | ||
| Line 86: | Line 86: | ||
=== Physical Examination === | === Physical Examination === | ||
*Patients with | *Patients with medulloepithelioma usually appear [general appearance]. | ||
*Physical examination may be remarkable for: | *Physical examination may be remarkable for: | ||
:*[finding 1] | :*[finding 1] | ||
| Line 96: | Line 96: | ||
=== Laboratory Findings === | === Laboratory Findings === | ||
*There are no specific laboratory findings associated with | *There are no specific laboratory findings associated with medulloepithelioma. | ||
*A [positive/negative] [test name] is diagnostic of | *A [positive/negative] [test name] is diagnostic of medulloepithelioma. | ||
*An [elevated/reduced] concentration of [serum/blood/urinary/CSF/other] [lab test] is diagnostic of | *An [elevated/reduced] concentration of [serum/blood/urinary/CSF/other] [lab test] is diagnostic of medulloepithelioma. | ||
*Other laboratory findings consistent with the diagnosis of | *Other laboratory findings consistent with the diagnosis of medulloepithelioma include [abnormal test 1], [abnormal test 2], and [abnormal test 3]. | ||
===Imaging Findings=== | ===Imaging Findings=== | ||
*There are no [imaging study] findings associated with | *There are no [imaging study] findings associated with medulloepithelioma. | ||
*[Imaging study 1] is the imaging modality of choice for | *[Imaging study 1] is the imaging modality of choice for medulloepithelioma. | ||
*On [imaging study 1], | *On [imaging study 1], medulloepithelioma is characterized by [finding 1], [finding 2], and [finding 3]. | ||
*[Imaging study 2] may demonstrate [finding 1], [finding 2], and [finding 3]. | *[Imaging study 2] may demonstrate [finding 1], [finding 2], and [finding 3]. | ||
| Line 115: | Line 115: | ||
== Treatment == | == Treatment == | ||
=== Medical Therapy === | === Medical Therapy === | ||
*There is no treatment for | *There is no treatment for medulloepithelioma; the mainstay of therapy is supportive care. | ||
*The mainstay of therapy for | *The mainstay of therapy for medulloepithelioma is [medical therapy 1] and [medical therapy 2]. | ||
*[Medical therapy 1] acts by [mechanism of action1]. | *[Medical therapy 1] acts by [mechanism of action1]. | ||
*Response to [medical therapy 1] can be monitored with [test/physical finding/imaging] every [frequency/duration]. | *Response to [medical therapy 1] can be monitored with [test/physical finding/imaging] every [frequency/duration]. | ||
=== Surgery === | === Surgery === | ||
*Surgery is the mainstay of therapy for | *Surgery is the mainstay of therapy for medulloepithelioma. | ||
*[Surgical procedure] in conjunction with [chemotherapy/radiation] is the most common approach to the treatment of | *[Surgical procedure] in conjunction with [chemotherapy/radiation] is the most common approach to the treatment of medulloepithelioma. | ||
*[Surgical procedure] can only be performed for patients with [disease stage] | *[Surgical procedure] can only be performed for patients with [disease stage] medulloepithelioma. | ||
=== Prevention === | === Prevention === | ||
*There are no primary preventive measures available for | *There are no primary preventive measures available for medulloepithelioma. | ||
*Effective measures for the primary prevention of | *Effective measures for the primary prevention of medulloepithelioma include [measure1], [measure2], and [measure3]. | ||
*Once diagnosed and successfully treated, patients with | *Once diagnosed and successfully treated, patients with medulloepithelioma are followed-up every [duration]. Follow-up testing includes [test 1], [test 2], and [test 3]. | ||
==References== | ==References== | ||
{{Reflist|2}} | {{Reflist|2}} | ||
[[Category: Oncology]] | [[Category: Oncology]] | ||
Revision as of 19:51, 29 April 2016
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Maria Fernanda Villarreal, M.D. [2]
Synonyms and keywords: Synonym 1; Synonym 2; Synonym 3
Overview
Medulloepithelioma is a rare, primitive, fast-growing brain tumour thought to stem from cells of the embryonic medullary cavity. Tumours originating in the ciliary body of the eye are referred to as embryonal medulloepitheliomas or diktyomas.[1][2]
Historical Perspective
- Medulloepithelioma was first discovered by [scientist name], a [nationality + occupation], in [year] during/following [event].
Classification
- Medulloepithelioma may be classified according to [classification method] into [number] subtypes/groups:
- [group1]
- [group2]
- [group3]
- Other variants of medulloepithelioma include [disease subtype 1], [disease subtype 2], and [disease subtype 3].
Pathophysiology
- The pathogenesis of medulloepithelioma is characterized by [feature1], [feature2], and [feature3].
- The [gene name] gene/Mutation in [gene name] has been associated with the development of medulloepithelioma, involving the [molecular pathway] pathway.
- On gross pathology, [feature1], [feature2], and [feature3] are characteristic findings of medulloepithelioma.
- On microscopic histopathological analysis, [feature1], [feature2], and [feature3] are characteristic findings of medulloepithelioma.
Causes
- Medulloepithelioma may be caused by either [cause1], [cause2], or [cause3].
- Medulloepithelioma is caused by a mutation in the [gene1], [gene2], or [gene3] gene[s].
- There are no established causes for medulloepithelioma.
Differentiating medulloepithelioma from other Diseases
- Medulloepithelioma must be differentiated from other diseases that cause [clinical feature 1], [clinical feature 2], and [clinical feature 3], such as:
- [Differential dx1]
- [Differential dx2]
- [Differential dx3]
Epidemiology and Demographics
- The prevalence of medulloepithelioma is approximately [number or range] per 100,000 individuals worldwide.
- In [year], the incidence of medulloepithelioma was estimated to be [number or range] cases per 100,000 individuals in [location].
Age
- Patients of all age groups may develop medulloepithelioma.
- Medulloepithelioma is more commonly observed among patients aged [age range] years old.
- Medulloepithelioma is more commonly observed among [elderly patients/young patients/children].
Gender
- Medulloepithelioma affects men and women equally.
- [Gender 1] are more commonly affected with medulloepithelioma than [gender 2].
- The [gender 1] to [Gender 2] ratio is approximately [number > 1] to 1.
Race
- There is no racial predilection for medulloepithelioma.
- Medulloepithelioma usually affects individuals of the [race 1] race.
- [Race 2] individuals are less likely to develop medulloepithelioma.
Risk Factors
- Common risk factors in the development of medulloepithelioma are [risk factor 1], [risk factor 2], [risk factor 3], and [risk factor 4].
Natural History, Complications and Prognosis
- The majority of patients with medulloepithelioma remain asymptomatic for [duration/years].
- Early clinical features include [manifestation 1], [manifestation 2], and [manifestation 3].
- If left untreated, [#%] of patients with medulloepithelioma may progress to develop [manifestation 1], [manifestation 2], and [manifestation 3].
- Common complications of medulloepithelioma include [complication 1], [complication 2], and [complication 3].
- Prognosis is generally [excellent/good/poor], and the [1/5/10year mortality/survival rate] of patients with medulloepithelioma is approximately [#%].
Diagnosis
Diagnostic Criteria
- The diagnosis of medulloepithelioma is made when at least [number] of the following [number] diagnostic criteria are met:
- [criterion 1]
- [criterion 2]
- [criterion 3]
- [criterion 4]
Symptoms
- Medulloepithelioma is usually asymptomatic.
- Symptoms of medulloepithelioma may include the following:
- [symptom 1]
- [symptom 2]
- [symptom 3]
- [symptom 4]
- [symptom 5]
- [symptom 6]
Physical Examination
- Patients with medulloepithelioma usually appear [general appearance].
- Physical examination may be remarkable for:
- [finding 1]
- [finding 2]
- [finding 3]
- [finding 4]
- [finding 5]
- [finding 6]
Laboratory Findings
- There are no specific laboratory findings associated with medulloepithelioma.
- A [positive/negative] [test name] is diagnostic of medulloepithelioma.
- An [elevated/reduced] concentration of [serum/blood/urinary/CSF/other] [lab test] is diagnostic of medulloepithelioma.
- Other laboratory findings consistent with the diagnosis of medulloepithelioma include [abnormal test 1], [abnormal test 2], and [abnormal test 3].
Imaging Findings
- There are no [imaging study] findings associated with medulloepithelioma.
- [Imaging study 1] is the imaging modality of choice for medulloepithelioma.
- On [imaging study 1], medulloepithelioma is characterized by [finding 1], [finding 2], and [finding 3].
- [Imaging study 2] may demonstrate [finding 1], [finding 2], and [finding 3].
Other Diagnostic Studies
- Medulloepithelioma may also be diagnosed using [diagnostic study name].
- Findings on [diagnostic study name] include [finding 1], [finding 2], and [finding 3].
Treatment
Medical Therapy
- There is no treatment for medulloepithelioma; the mainstay of therapy is supportive care.
- The mainstay of therapy for medulloepithelioma is [medical therapy 1] and [medical therapy 2].
- [Medical therapy 1] acts by [mechanism of action1].
- Response to [medical therapy 1] can be monitored with [test/physical finding/imaging] every [frequency/duration].
Surgery
- Surgery is the mainstay of therapy for medulloepithelioma.
- [Surgical procedure] in conjunction with [chemotherapy/radiation] is the most common approach to the treatment of medulloepithelioma.
- [Surgical procedure] can only be performed for patients with [disease stage] medulloepithelioma.
Prevention
- There are no primary preventive measures available for medulloepithelioma.
- Effective measures for the primary prevention of medulloepithelioma include [measure1], [measure2], and [measure3].
- Once diagnosed and successfully treated, patients with medulloepithelioma are followed-up every [duration]. Follow-up testing includes [test 1], [test 2], and [test 3].
References
- ↑ McGraw-Hill Concise Dictionary of Modern Medicine. © 2002 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
- ↑ Definition of Medulloepithelioma, from Online Medical Dictionary. Retrieved 7 January 2010.