Dysembryoplastic neuroepithelial tumor: Difference between revisions
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==Overview== | ==Overview== | ||
'''Dysembryoplastic neuroepithelial tumor''' is a type of [[brain tumor]] that arises from the [[oligodendrocyte]], a type of brain [[ | '''Dysembryoplastic neuroepithelial tumor''' is a type of [[brain tumor]] that arises from the [[oligodendrocyte]], which is normally involved in the . '''Dysembryoplastic neuroepithelial tumour''', commonly abbreviated '''DNT''' or '''DNET''', is a type of [[Brain tumour|brain tumor]]. Most commonly found in the [[temporal lobe]], DNTs have been classified as [[Benign tumor|benign]] tumours.<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal|last=Thom|first=Maria|last2=Toma|first2=Ahmed|last3=An|first3=Shu|last4=Martinian|first4=Lillian|last5=Hadjivassiliou|first5=George|last6=Ratilal|first6=Bernardo|last7=Dean|first7=Andrew|last8=McEvoy|first8=Andrew|last9=Sisodiya|first9=Sanjay M.|date=2011-10-01|title=One hundred and one dysembryoplastic neuroepithelial tumors: an adult epilepsy series with immunohistochemical, molecular genetic, and clinical correlations and a review of the literature|url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21937911|journal=Journal of Neuropathology and Experimental Neurology|volume=70|issue=10|pages=859–878|doi=10.1097/NEN.0b013e3182302475|issn=1554-6578|pmid=21937911}}</ref> These are glioneuronal tumours comprised of both [[Neuroglia|glial]] and [[neuron]] cells and often have ties to [[Cortical dysplasia|focal cortical dysplasia]].<ref name=":1">{{Cite journal|last=Suh|first=Yeon-Lim|date=2015-11-01|title=Dysembryoplastic Neuroepithelial Tumors|url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4696533/|journal=Journal of Pathology and Translational Medicine|volume=49|issue=6|pages=438–449|doi=10.4132/jptm.2015.10.05|issn=2383-7837|pmc=4696533|pmid=26493957}}</ref> | ||
Revision as of 15:53, 2 May 2016
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Sujit Routray, M.D. [2] Maria Fernanda Villarreal, M.D. [3]
Synonyms and keywords: DNT; DNET; Dysembryoplastic neuroepithelial tumors; Dysembryoplastic neuroepithelial tumour; Dysembryoplastic neuroepithelial tumours
Overview
Dysembryoplastic neuroepithelial tumor is a type of brain tumor that arises from the oligodendrocyte, which is normally involved in the . Dysembryoplastic neuroepithelial tumour, commonly abbreviated DNT or DNET, is a type of brain tumor. Most commonly found in the temporal lobe, DNTs have been classified as benign tumours.[1] These are glioneuronal tumours comprised of both glial and neuron cells and often have ties to focal cortical dysplasia.[2]
Historical Perspective
- Dysembryoplastic neuroepithelial tumor was first discovered by [scientist name], a [nationality + occupation], in [year] during/following [event].
Classification
- Dysembryoplastic neuroepithelial tumor may be classified according to [classification method] into [number] subtypes/groups:
- [group1]
- [group2]
- [group3]
- Other variants of dysembryoplastic neuroepithelial tumor include [disease subtype 1], [disease subtype 2], and [disease subtype 3].
Pathophysiology
- The pathogenesis of dysembryoplastic neuroepithelial tumor is characterized by [feature1], [feature2], and [feature3].
- The [gene name] gene/Mutation in [gene name] has been associated with the development of dysembryoplastic neuroepithelial tumor, involving the [molecular pathway] pathway.
- On gross pathology, [feature1], [feature2], and [feature3] are characteristic findings of dysembryoplastic neuroepithelial tumor.
- On microscopic histopathological analysis, [feature1], [feature2], and [feature3] are characteristic findings of dysembryoplastic neuroepithelial tumor.
Causes
- Dysembryoplastic neuroepithelial tumor may be caused by either [cause1], [cause2], or [cause3].
- Dysembryoplastic neuroepithelial tumor is caused by a mutation in the [gene1], [gene2], or [gene3] gene[s].
- There are no established causes for dysembryoplastic neuroepithelial tumor.
Differentiating dysembryoplastic neuroepithelial tumor from other Diseases
- Dysembryoplastic neuroepithelial tumor must be differentiated from other diseases that cause [clinical feature 1], [clinical feature 2], and [clinical feature 3], such as:
- [Differential dx1]
- [Differential dx2]
- [Differential dx3]
Epidemiology and Demographics
- The prevalence of dysembryoplastic neuroepithelial tumor is approximately [number or range] per 100,000 individuals worldwide.
- In [year], the incidence of dysembryoplastic neuroepithelial tumor was estimated to be [number or range] cases per 100,000 individuals in [location].
Age
- Patients of all age groups may develop dysembryoplastic neuroepithelial tumor.
- Dysembryoplastic neuroepithelial tumor is more commonly observed among patients aged [age range] years old.
- Dysembryoplastic neuroepithelial tumor is more commonly observed among [elderly patients/young patients/children].
Gender
- Dysembryoplastic neuroepithelial tumor affects men and women equally.
- [Gender 1] are more commonly affected with dysembryoplastic neuroepithelial tumor than [gender 2].
- The [gender 1] to [Gender 2] ratio is approximately [number > 1] to 1.
Race
- There is no racial predilection for dysembryoplastic neuroepithelial tumor.
- Dysembryoplastic neuroepithelial tumor usually affects individuals of the [race 1] race.
- [Race 2] individuals are less likely to develop dysembryoplastic neuroepithelial tumor.
Risk Factors
- Common risk factors in the development of dysembryoplastic neuroepithelial tumor are [risk factor 1], [risk factor 2], [risk factor 3], and [risk factor 4].
Natural History, Complications and Prognosis
- The majority of patients with dysembryoplastic neuroepithelial tumor remain asymptomatic for [duration/years].
- Early clinical features include [manifestation 1], [manifestation 2], and [manifestation 3].
- If left untreated, [#%] of patients with dysembryoplastic neuroepithelial tumor may progress to develop [manifestation 1], [manifestation 2], and [manifestation 3].
- Common complications of dysembryoplastic neuroepithelial tumor include [complication 1], [complication 2], and [complication 3].
- Prognosis is generally [excellent/good/poor], and the [1/5/10year mortality/survival rate] of patients with dysembryoplastic neuroepithelial tumor is approximately [#%].
Diagnosis
Diagnostic Criteria
- The diagnosis of dysembryoplastic neuroepithelial tumor is made when at least [number] of the following [number] diagnostic criteria are met:
- [criterion 1]
- [criterion 2]
- [criterion 3]
- [criterion 4]
Symptoms
- Dysembryoplastic neuroepithelial tumor is usually asymptomatic.
- Symptoms of dysembryoplastic neuroepithelial tumor may include the following:
- [symptom 1]
- [symptom 2]
- [symptom 3]
- [symptom 4]
- [symptom 5]
- [symptom 6]
Physical Examination
- Patients with dysembryoplastic neuroepithelial tumor usually appear [general appearance].
- Physical examination may be remarkable for:
- [finding 1]
- [finding 2]
- [finding 3]
- [finding 4]
- [finding 5]
- [finding 6]
Laboratory Findings
- There are no specific laboratory findings associated with dysembryoplastic neuroepithelial tumor.
- A [positive/negative] [test name] is diagnostic of dysembryoplastic neuroepithelial tumor.
- An [elevated/reduced] concentration of [serum/blood/urinary/CSF/other] [lab test] is diagnostic of dysembryoplastic neuroepithelial tumor.
- Other laboratory findings consistent with the diagnosis of dysembryoplastic neuroepithelial tumor include [abnormal test 1], [abnormal test 2], and [abnormal test 3].
Imaging Findings
- There are no [imaging study] findings associated with dysembryoplastic neuroepithelial tumor.
- [Imaging study 1] is the imaging modality of choice for dysembryoplastic neuroepithelial tumor.
- On [imaging study 1], dysembryoplastic neuroepithelial tumor is characterized by [finding 1], [finding 2], and [finding 3].
- [Imaging study 2] may demonstrate [finding 1], [finding 2], and [finding 3].
Other Diagnostic Studies
- Dysembryoplastic neuroepithelial tumor may also be diagnosed using [diagnostic study name].
- Findings on [diagnostic study name] include [finding 1], [finding 2], and [finding 3].
Treatment
Medical Therapy
- There is no treatment for dysembryoplastic neuroepithelial tumor; the mainstay of therapy is supportive care.
- The mainstay of therapy for dysembryoplastic neuroepithelial tumor is [medical therapy 1] and [medical therapy 2].
- [Medical therapy 1] acts by [mechanism of action1].
- Response to [medical therapy 1] can be monitored with [test/physical finding/imaging] every [frequency/duration].
Surgery
- Surgery is the mainstay of therapy for dysembryoplastic neuroepithelial tumor.
- [Surgical procedure] in conjunction with [chemotherapy/radiation] is the most common approach to the treatment of dysembryoplastic neuroepithelial tumor.
- [Surgical procedure] can only be performed for patients with [disease stage] dysembryoplastic neuroepithelial tumor.
Prevention
- There are no primary preventive measures available for dysembryoplastic neuroepithelial tumor.
- Effective measures for the primary prevention of dysembryoplastic neuroepithelial tumor include [measure1], [measure2], and [measure3].
- Once diagnosed and successfully treated, patients with dysembryoplastic neuroepithelial tumor are followed-up every [duration]. Follow-up testing includes [test 1], [test 2], and [test 3].
References
- ↑ Thom, Maria; Toma, Ahmed; An, Shu; Martinian, Lillian; Hadjivassiliou, George; Ratilal, Bernardo; Dean, Andrew; McEvoy, Andrew; Sisodiya, Sanjay M. (2011-10-01). "One hundred and one dysembryoplastic neuroepithelial tumors: an adult epilepsy series with immunohistochemical, molecular genetic, and clinical correlations and a review of the literature". Journal of Neuropathology and Experimental Neurology. 70 (10): 859–878. doi:10.1097/NEN.0b013e3182302475. ISSN 1554-6578. PMID 21937911.
- ↑ Suh, Yeon-Lim (2015-11-01). "Dysembryoplastic Neuroepithelial Tumors". Journal of Pathology and Translational Medicine. 49 (6): 438–449. doi:10.4132/jptm.2015.10.05. ISSN 2383-7837. PMC 4696533. PMID 26493957.