Sandbox: Otitis externa pathophysiology: Difference between revisions
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*The [[bacteria]] ''[[Pseudomonas aeruginosa]]'' and ''[[Staphylococcus aureus]]'' are the most common opportunistic pathogens of otitis externa due to increased humidity.<ref name="pmid21845055">{{cite journal |vauthors=Mösges R, Nematian-Samani M, Eichel A |title=Treatment of acute otitis externa with ciprofloxacin otic 0.2% antibiotic ear solution |journal=Ther Clin Risk Manag |volume=7 |issue= |pages=325–36 |year=2011 |pmid=21845055 |pmc=3150478 |doi=10.2147/TCRM.S6769 |url=}}</ref> | *The [[bacteria]] ''[[Pseudomonas aeruginosa]]'' and ''[[Staphylococcus aureus]]'' are the most common opportunistic pathogens of otitis externa due to increased humidity.<ref name="pmid21845055">{{cite journal |vauthors=Mösges R, Nematian-Samani M, Eichel A |title=Treatment of acute otitis externa with ciprofloxacin otic 0.2% antibiotic ear solution |journal=Ther Clin Risk Manag |volume=7 |issue= |pages=325–36 |year=2011 |pmid=21845055 |pmc=3150478 |doi=10.2147/TCRM.S6769 |url=}}</ref> | ||
*Increased moisture in the [[ear canal]] can also lead to otitis externa caused by [[otomycosis]].<ref name="pmid24948980">{{cite journal |vauthors=Anwar K, Gohar MS |title=Otomycosis; clinical features, predisposing factors and treatment implications |journal=Pak J Med Sci |volume=30 |issue=3 |pages=564–7 |year=2014 |pmid=24948980 |pmc=4048507 |doi=10.12669/pjms.303.4106 |url=}}</ref> | *Increased moisture in the [[ear canal]] can also lead to otitis externa caused by [[otomycosis]].<ref name="pmid24948980">{{cite journal |vauthors=Anwar K, Gohar MS |title=Otomycosis; clinical features, predisposing factors and treatment implications |journal=Pak J Med Sci |volume=30 |issue=3 |pages=564–7 |year=2014 |pmid=24948980 |pmc=4048507 |doi=10.12669/pjms.303.4106 |url=}}</ref> | ||
**The primary [[ | **The primary [[fungal]] causes of otitis externa are ''[[Candida albicans]]'' and ''[[Aspergillus niger]]''. | ||
**Spread of [[fungi]] results in [[inflammation]] in the [[ear canal]].<ref name="pmid24948980">{{cite journal |vauthors=Anwar K, Gohar MS |title=Otomycosis; clinical features, predisposing factors and treatment implications |journal=Pak J Med Sci |volume=30 |issue=3 |pages=564–7 |year=2014 |pmid=24948980 |pmc=4048507 |doi=10.12669/pjms.303.4106 |url=}}</ref> | |||
**The buildup of fungal debris in the [[ear canal]] [[epithelium]] leads to increasing pressure and [[inflammation]]. | |||
**Conditions for | |||
==References== | ==References== | ||
Revision as of 14:32, 3 May 2016
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Luke Rusowicz-Orazem, B.S.
Overview
Pathogenesis
Otitis externa develops when the external ear canal becomes more susceptible to infection due to a variety of causes.
Moisture-bourne infection
- Sudden, invasive changes in humidity from a rapid intake of water into the ear canal can predispose the external ear to infection.[1]
- Prolonged exposure to moisture causes swelling of the stratum corneum.
- The cerumen quantity in the ear canal decreases, weakening an important protective barrier in the ear.
- The epithelial surface of the skin begins to denegrate, allowing increased access for bacterial infection.
- The pH value of the ear canal, usually maintained at 5.0 by a combination of the cerumen and the mechanical construction of the ear, increases and renders the ear more favorable to bacterial infection and otomycosis.[2]
- The bacteria Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus are the most common opportunistic pathogens of otitis externa due to increased humidity.[3]
- Increased moisture in the ear canal can also lead to otitis externa caused by otomycosis.[4]
- The primary fungal causes of otitis externa are Candida albicans and Aspergillus niger.
- Spread of fungi results in inflammation in the ear canal.[4]
- The buildup of fungal debris in the ear canal epithelium leads to increasing pressure and inflammation.
- Conditions for
References
- ↑ Wang MC, Liu CY, Shiao AS, Wang T (2005). "Ear problems in swimmers". J Chin Med Assoc. 68 (8): 347–52. doi:10.1016/S1726-4901(09)70174-1. PMID 16138712.
- ↑ Kim JK, Cho JH (2009). "Change of external auditory canal pH in acute otitis externa". Ann. Otol. Rhinol. Laryngol. 118 (11): 769–72. PMID 19999361.
- ↑ Mösges R, Nematian-Samani M, Eichel A (2011). "Treatment of acute otitis externa with ciprofloxacin otic 0.2% antibiotic ear solution". Ther Clin Risk Manag. 7: 325–36. doi:10.2147/TCRM.S6769. PMC 3150478. PMID 21845055.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 Anwar K, Gohar MS (2014). "Otomycosis; clinical features, predisposing factors and treatment implications". Pak J Med Sci. 30 (3): 564–7. doi:10.12669/pjms.303.4106. PMC 4048507. PMID 24948980.