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Blastic NK cell lymphoma is a type of [[lymphoma]]. It does not appear to be associated with [[Epstein Barr virus]].<ref name="pmid9192774">{{cite journal |author=Chan JK, Sin VC, Wong KF, ''et al'' |title=Nonnasal lymphoma expressing the natural killer cell marker CD56: a clinicopathologic study of 49 cases of an uncommon aggressive neoplasm |journal=Blood |volume=89 |issue=12 |pages=4501–13 |year=1997 |month=June |pmid=9192774 |doi= |url=http://www.bloodjournal.org/cgi/pmidlookup?view=long&pmid=9192774}}</ref> | Blastic NK cell lymphoma is a type of [[lymphoma]]. It does not appear to be associated with [[Epstein Barr virus]].<ref name="pmid9192774">{{cite journal |author=Chan JK, Sin VC, Wong KF, ''et al'' |title=Nonnasal lymphoma expressing the natural killer cell marker CD56: a clinicopathologic study of 49 cases of an uncommon aggressive neoplasm |journal=Blood |volume=89 |issue=12 |pages=4501–13 |year=1997 |month=June |pmid=9192774 |doi= |url=http://www.bloodjournal.org/cgi/pmidlookup?view=long&pmid=9192774}}</ref> | ||
==Historical Perspective== | ==Historical Perspective== | ||
*[Disease name] was first discovered by [scientist name], a | *[Disease name] was first discovered by [scientist name], a [nationality + occupation], in [year] during/following [event]. | ||
[nationality + occupation], in [year] during/following [event]. | *In [year], [gene] mutations were first identified in the pathogenesis of [disease name]. | ||
*In [year], [gene] mutations were first identified in the pathogenesis | *In [year], the first [discovery] was developed by [scientist] to treat/diagnose [disease name]. | ||
of [disease name]. | |||
*In [year], the first [discovery] was developed by [scientist] to | |||
treat/diagnose [disease name]. | |||
==Classification== | ==Classification== | ||
*[Disease name] may be classified according to [classification method] | *[Disease name] may be classified according to [classification method] into [number] subtypes/groups: | ||
into [number] subtypes/groups: | |||
:*[group1] | :*[group1] | ||
:*[group2] | :*[group2] | ||
:*[group3] | :*[group3] | ||
*Other variants of [disease name] include [disease subtype 1], | *Other variants of [disease name] include [disease subtype 1], [disease subtype 2], and [disease subtype 3]. | ||
[disease subtype 2], and [disease subtype 3]. | |||
==Pathophysiology== | ==Pathophysiology== | ||
*The pathogenesis of [disease name] is characterized by [feature1], | *The pathogenesis of [disease name] is characterized by [feature1], [feature2], and [feature3]. | ||
[feature2], and [feature3]. | *The [gene name] gene/Mutation in [gene name] has been associated with the development of [disease name], involving the [molecular pathway] pathway. | ||
*The [gene name] gene/Mutation in [gene name] has been associated with | *On gross pathology, [feature1], [feature2], and [feature3] are characteristic findings of [disease name]. | ||
the development of [disease name], involving the [molecular pathway] | *On microscopic histopathological analysis, [feature1], [feature2], and [feature3] are characteristic findings of [disease name]. | ||
pathway. | |||
*On gross pathology, [feature1], [feature2], and [feature3] are | |||
characteristic findings of [disease name]. | |||
*On microscopic histopathological analysis, [feature1], [feature2], | |||
and [feature3] are characteristic findings of [disease name]. | |||
==Causes== | ==Causes== | ||
* [Disease name] may be caused by either [cause1], [cause2], or | * [Disease name] may be caused by either [cause1], [cause2], or [cause3]. | ||
[cause3]. | * [Disease name] is caused by a mutation in the [gene1], [gene2], or [gene3] gene[s]. | ||
* [Disease name] is caused by a mutation in the [gene1], [gene2], or | |||
[gene3] gene[s]. | |||
* There are no established causes for [disease name]. | * There are no established causes for [disease name]. | ||
==Differentiating [disease name] from other Diseases== | ==Differentiating [disease name] from other Diseases== | ||
*[Disease name] must be differentiated from other diseases that cause | *[Disease name] must be differentiated from other diseases that cause [clinical feature 1], [clinical feature 2], and [clinical feature 3], such as: | ||
[clinical feature 1], [clinical feature 2], and [clinical feature 3], | |||
such as: | |||
:*[Differential dx1] | :*[Differential dx1] | ||
:*[Differential dx2] | :*[Differential dx2] | ||
:*[Differential dx3] | :*[Differential dx3] | ||
==Epidemiology and Demographics== | ==Epidemiology and Demographics== | ||
* The prevalence of [disease name] is approximately [number or range] | * The prevalence of [disease name] is approximately [number or range] per 100,000 individuals worldwide. | ||
per 100,000 individuals worldwide. | * In [year], the incidence of [disease name] was estimated to be [number or range] cases per 100,000 individuals in [location]. | ||
* In [year], the incidence of [disease name] was estimated to be | |||
[number or range] cases per 100,000 individuals in [location]. | |||
===Age=== | ===Age=== | ||
*Patients of all age groups may develop [disease name]. | *Patients of all age groups may develop [disease name]. | ||
*[Disease name] is more commonly observed among patients aged [age | *[Disease name] is more commonly observed among patients aged [age range] years old. | ||
range] years old. | *[Disease name] is more commonly observed among [elderly patients/young patients/children]. | ||
*[Disease name] is more commonly observed among [elderly | |||
patients/young patients/children]. | |||
===Gender=== | ===Gender=== | ||
*[Disease name] affects men and women equally. | *[Disease name] affects men and women equally. | ||
*[Gender 1] are more commonly affected with [disease name] than | *[Gender 1] are more commonly affected with [disease name] than [gender 2]. | ||
[gender 2]. | * The [gender 1] to [Gender 2] ratio is approximately [number > 1] to 1. | ||
* The [gender 1] to [Gender 2] ratio is approximately [number > 1] to | |||
1. | |||
===Race=== | ===Race=== | ||
*There is no racial predilection for [disease name]. | *There is no racial predilection for [disease name]. | ||
| Line 67: | Line 47: | ||
*[Race 2] individuals are less likely to develop [disease name]. | *[Race 2] individuals are less likely to develop [disease name]. | ||
==Risk Factors== | ==Risk Factors== | ||
*Common risk factors in the development of [disease name] are [risk | *Common risk factors in the development of [disease name] are [risk factor 1], [risk factor 2], [risk factor 3], and [risk factor 4]. | ||
factor 1], [risk factor 2], [risk factor 3], and [risk factor 4]. | |||
== Natural History, Complications and Prognosis== | == Natural History, Complications and Prognosis== | ||
*The majority of patients with [disease name] remain asymptomatic for | *The majority of patients with [disease name] remain asymptomatic for [duration/years]. | ||
[duration/years]. | *Early clinical features include [manifestation 1], [manifestation 2], and [manifestation 3]. | ||
*Early clinical features include [manifestation 1], [manifestation 2], | *If left untreated, [#%] of patients with [disease name] may progress to develop [manifestation 1], [manifestation 2], and [manifestation 3]. | ||
and [manifestation 3]. | *Common complications of [disease name] include [complication 1], [complication 2], and [complication 3]. | ||
*If left untreated, [#%] of patients with [disease name] may progress | *Prognosis is generally [excellent/good/poor], and the [1/5/10year mortality/survival rate] of patients with [disease name] is approximately [#%]. | ||
to develop [manifestation 1], [manifestation 2], and [manifestation | |||
3]. | |||
*Common complications of [disease name] include [complication 1], | |||
[complication 2], and [complication 3]. | |||
*Prognosis is generally [excellent/good/poor], and the [1/5/10year | |||
mortality/survival rate] of patients with [disease name] is | |||
approximately [#%]. | |||
== Diagnosis == | == Diagnosis == | ||
==Diagnosis== | ==Diagnosis== | ||
Cells are positive for [[CD4]] and [[CD56]].<ref name="pmid16434387">{{cite journal |author=Ng AP, Lade S, Rutherford T, McCormack C, Prince HM, Westerman DA |title=Primary cutaneous CD4+/CD56+ hematodermic neoplasm (blastic NK-cell lymphoma): a report of five cases |journal=Haematologica |volume=91 |issue=1 |pages=143–4 |year=2006 |month=January |pmid=16434387 |doi= |url=http://www.haematologica.org/cgi/pmidlookup?view=long&pmid=16434387}}</ref><ref name="pmid15832009">{{cite journal |author=Kim Y, Kang MS, Kim CW, Sung R, Ko YH |title=CD4+CD56+ lineage negative hematopoietic neoplasm: so called blastic NK cell lymphoma |journal=J. Korean Med. Sci. |volume=20 |issue=2 |pages=319–24 |year=2005 |month=April |pmid=15832009 |doi= |url=http://jkms.org/contents/jkms.php?pubyear=2005&vol=20&fpage=319}}</ref> | Cells are positive for [[CD4]] and [[CD56]].<ref name="pmid16434387">{{cite journal |author=Ng AP, Lade S, Rutherford T, McCormack C, Prince HM, Westerman DA |title=Primary cutaneous CD4+/CD56+ hematodermic neoplasm (blastic NK-cell lymphoma): a report of five cases |journal=Haematologica |volume=91 |issue=1 |pages=143–4 |year=2006 |month=January |pmid=16434387 |doi= |url=http://www.haematologica.org/cgi/pmidlookup?view=long&pmid=16434387}}</ref><ref name="pmid15832009">{{cite journal |author=Kim Y, Kang MS, Kim CW, Sung R, Ko YH |title=CD4+CD56+ lineage negative hematopoietic neoplasm: so called blastic NK cell lymphoma |journal=J. Korean Med. Sci. |volume=20 |issue=2 |pages=319–24 |year=2005 |month=April |pmid=15832009 |doi= |url=http://jkms.org/contents/jkms.php?pubyear=2005&vol=20&fpage=319}}</ref> | ||
===Diagnostic Criteria=== | ===Diagnostic Criteria=== | ||
*The diagnosis of [disease name] is made when at least [number] of the | *The diagnosis of [disease name] is made when at least [number] of the following [number] diagnostic criteria are met: | ||
following [number] diagnostic criteria are met: | |||
:*[criterion 1] | :*[criterion 1] | ||
:*[criterion 2] | :*[criterion 2] | ||
| Line 111: | Line 82: | ||
:*[finding 6] | :*[finding 6] | ||
=== Laboratory Findings === | === Laboratory Findings === | ||
*There are no specific laboratory findings associated with [disease | *There are no specific laboratory findings associated with [disease name]. | ||
name]. | |||
*A [positive/negative] [test name] is diagnostic of [disease name]. | *A [positive/negative] [test name] is diagnostic of [disease name]. | ||
*An [elevated/reduced] concentration of | *An [elevated/reduced] concentration of [serum/blood/urinary/CSF/other] [lab test] is diagnostic of [disease name]. | ||
[serum/blood/urinary/CSF/other] [lab test] is diagnostic of [disease | *Other laboratory findings consistent with the diagnosis of [disease name] include [abnormal test 1], [abnormal test 2], and [abnormal test 3]. | ||
name]. | |||
*Other laboratory findings consistent with the diagnosis of [disease | |||
name] include [abnormal test 1], [abnormal test 2], and [abnormal test | |||
3]. | |||
===Imaging Findings=== | ===Imaging Findings=== | ||
*There are no [imaging study] findings associated with [disease name]. | *There are no [imaging study] findings associated with [disease name]. | ||
*[Imaging study 1] is the imaging modality of choice for [disease | *[Imaging study 1] is the imaging modality of choice for [disease name]. | ||
name]. | *On [imaging study 1], [disease name] is characterized by [finding 1], [finding 2], and [finding 3]. | ||
*On [imaging study 1], [disease name] is characterized by [finding 1], | *[Imaging study 2] may demonstrate [finding 1], [finding 2], and [finding 3]. | ||
[finding 2], and [finding 3]. | |||
*[Imaging study 2] may demonstrate [finding 1], [finding 2], and | |||
[finding 3]. | |||
=== Other Diagnostic Studies === | === Other Diagnostic Studies === | ||
*[Disease name] may also be diagnosed using [diagnostic study name]. | *[Disease name] may also be diagnosed using [diagnostic study name]. | ||
*Findings on [diagnostic study name] include [finding 1], [finding 2], | *Findings on [diagnostic study name] include [finding 1], [finding 2], and [finding 3]. | ||
and [finding 3]. | |||
== Treatment == | == Treatment == | ||
=== Medical Therapy === | === Medical Therapy === | ||
*There is no treatment for [disease name]; the mainstay of therapy is | *There is no treatment for [disease name]; the mainstay of therapy is supportive care. | ||
supportive care. | *The mainstay of therapy for [disease name] is [medical therapy 1] and [medical therapy 2]. | ||
*The mainstay of therapy for [disease name] is [medical therapy 1] and | |||
[medical therapy 2]. | |||
*[Medical therapy 1] acts by [mechanism of action1]. | *[Medical therapy 1] acts by [mechanism of action1]. | ||
*Response to [medical therapy 1] can be monitored with [test/physical | *Response to [medical therapy 1] can be monitored with [test/physical finding/imaging] every [frequency/duration]. | ||
finding/imaging] every [frequency/duration]. | |||
=== Surgery === | === Surgery === | ||
*Surgery is the mainstay of therapy for [disease name]. | *Surgery is the mainstay of therapy for [disease name]. | ||
*[Surgical procedure] in conjunction with [chemotherapy/radiation] is | *[Surgical procedure] in conjunction with [chemotherapy/radiation] is the most common approach to the treatment of [disease name]. | ||
the most common approach to the treatment of [disease name]. | *[Surgical procedure] can only be performed for patients with [disease stage] [disease name]. | ||
*[Surgical procedure] can only be performed for patients with [disease | |||
stage] [disease name]. | |||
=== Prevention === | === Prevention === | ||
*There are no primary preventive measures available for [disease | *There are no primary preventive measures available for [disease name]. | ||
name]. | *Effective measures for the primary prevention of [disease name] include [measure1], [measure2], and [measure3]. | ||
*Effective measures for the primary prevention of [disease name] | *Once diagnosed and successfully treated, patients with [disease name] are followedup every [duration]. Followup testing includes [test 1], [test 2], and [test 3]. | ||
include [measure1], [measure2], and [measure3]. | |||
*Once diagnosed and successfully treated, patients with [disease name] | |||
are followedup | |||
every [duration]. Followup | |||
testing includes [test 1], | |||
[test 2], and [test 3]. | |||
==References== | ==References== | ||
{{reflist|2}} | {{reflist|2}} | ||
Revision as of 13:37, 10 May 2016
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]
Overview
Pathophysiology
Blastic NK cell lymphoma is a type of lymphoma. It does not appear to be associated with Epstein Barr virus.[1]
Historical Perspective
- [Disease name] was first discovered by [scientist name], a [nationality + occupation], in [year] during/following [event].
- In [year], [gene] mutations were first identified in the pathogenesis of [disease name].
- In [year], the first [discovery] was developed by [scientist] to treat/diagnose [disease name].
Classification
- [Disease name] may be classified according to [classification method] into [number] subtypes/groups:
- [group1]
- [group2]
- [group3]
- Other variants of [disease name] include [disease subtype 1], [disease subtype 2], and [disease subtype 3].
Pathophysiology
- The pathogenesis of [disease name] is characterized by [feature1], [feature2], and [feature3].
- The [gene name] gene/Mutation in [gene name] has been associated with the development of [disease name], involving the [molecular pathway] pathway.
- On gross pathology, [feature1], [feature2], and [feature3] are characteristic findings of [disease name].
- On microscopic histopathological analysis, [feature1], [feature2], and [feature3] are characteristic findings of [disease name].
Causes
- [Disease name] may be caused by either [cause1], [cause2], or [cause3].
- [Disease name] is caused by a mutation in the [gene1], [gene2], or [gene3] gene[s].
- There are no established causes for [disease name].
Differentiating [disease name] from other Diseases
- [Disease name] must be differentiated from other diseases that cause [clinical feature 1], [clinical feature 2], and [clinical feature 3], such as:
- [Differential dx1]
- [Differential dx2]
- [Differential dx3]
Epidemiology and Demographics
- The prevalence of [disease name] is approximately [number or range] per 100,000 individuals worldwide.
- In [year], the incidence of [disease name] was estimated to be [number or range] cases per 100,000 individuals in [location].
Age
- Patients of all age groups may develop [disease name].
- [Disease name] is more commonly observed among patients aged [age range] years old.
- [Disease name] is more commonly observed among [elderly patients/young patients/children].
Gender
- [Disease name] affects men and women equally.
- [Gender 1] are more commonly affected with [disease name] than [gender 2].
- The [gender 1] to [Gender 2] ratio is approximately [number > 1] to 1.
Race
- There is no racial predilection for [disease name].
- [Disease name] usually affects individuals of the [race 1] race.
- [Race 2] individuals are less likely to develop [disease name].
Risk Factors
- Common risk factors in the development of [disease name] are [risk factor 1], [risk factor 2], [risk factor 3], and [risk factor 4].
Natural History, Complications and Prognosis
- The majority of patients with [disease name] remain asymptomatic for [duration/years].
- Early clinical features include [manifestation 1], [manifestation 2], and [manifestation 3].
- If left untreated, [#%] of patients with [disease name] may progress to develop [manifestation 1], [manifestation 2], and [manifestation 3].
- Common complications of [disease name] include [complication 1], [complication 2], and [complication 3].
- Prognosis is generally [excellent/good/poor], and the [1/5/10year mortality/survival rate] of patients with [disease name] is approximately [#%].
Diagnosis
Diagnosis
Cells are positive for CD4 and CD56.[2][3]
Diagnostic Criteria
- The diagnosis of [disease name] is made when at least [number] of the following [number] diagnostic criteria are met:
- [criterion 1]
- [criterion 2]
- [criterion 3]
- [criterion 4]
Symptoms
- [Disease name] is usually asymptomatic.
- Symptoms of [disease name] may include the following:
- [symptom 1]
- [symptom 2]
- [symptom 3]
- [symptom 4]
- [symptom 5]
- [symptom 6]
Physical Examination
- Patients with [disease name] usually appear [general appearance].
- Physical examination may be remarkable for:
- [finding 1]
- [finding 2]
- [finding 3]
- [finding 4]
- [finding 5]
- [finding 6]
Laboratory Findings
- There are no specific laboratory findings associated with [disease name].
- A [positive/negative] [test name] is diagnostic of [disease name].
- An [elevated/reduced] concentration of [serum/blood/urinary/CSF/other] [lab test] is diagnostic of [disease name].
- Other laboratory findings consistent with the diagnosis of [disease name] include [abnormal test 1], [abnormal test 2], and [abnormal test 3].
Imaging Findings
- There are no [imaging study] findings associated with [disease name].
- [Imaging study 1] is the imaging modality of choice for [disease name].
- On [imaging study 1], [disease name] is characterized by [finding 1], [finding 2], and [finding 3].
- [Imaging study 2] may demonstrate [finding 1], [finding 2], and [finding 3].
Other Diagnostic Studies
- [Disease name] may also be diagnosed using [diagnostic study name].
- Findings on [diagnostic study name] include [finding 1], [finding 2], and [finding 3].
Treatment
Medical Therapy
- There is no treatment for [disease name]; the mainstay of therapy is supportive care.
- The mainstay of therapy for [disease name] is [medical therapy 1] and [medical therapy 2].
- [Medical therapy 1] acts by [mechanism of action1].
- Response to [medical therapy 1] can be monitored with [test/physical finding/imaging] every [frequency/duration].
Surgery
- Surgery is the mainstay of therapy for [disease name].
- [Surgical procedure] in conjunction with [chemotherapy/radiation] is the most common approach to the treatment of [disease name].
- [Surgical procedure] can only be performed for patients with [disease stage] [disease name].
Prevention
- There are no primary preventive measures available for [disease name].
- Effective measures for the primary prevention of [disease name] include [measure1], [measure2], and [measure3].
- Once diagnosed and successfully treated, patients with [disease name] are followedup every [duration]. Followup testing includes [test 1], [test 2], and [test 3].
References
- ↑ Chan JK, Sin VC, Wong KF; et al. (1997). "Nonnasal lymphoma expressing the natural killer cell marker CD56: a clinicopathologic study of 49 cases of an uncommon aggressive neoplasm". Blood. 89 (12): 4501–13. PMID 9192774. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help) - ↑ Ng AP, Lade S, Rutherford T, McCormack C, Prince HM, Westerman DA (2006). "Primary cutaneous CD4+/CD56+ hematodermic neoplasm (blastic NK-cell lymphoma): a report of five cases". Haematologica. 91 (1): 143–4. PMID 16434387. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help) - ↑ Kim Y, Kang MS, Kim CW, Sung R, Ko YH (2005). "CD4+CD56+ lineage negative hematopoietic neoplasm: so called blastic NK cell lymphoma". J. Korean Med. Sci. 20 (2): 319–24. PMID 15832009. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help)