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==Overview== | |||
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Alonso Alvarado, M.D. [2]
Overview
Bronchiolitis epidemiology and demographics
- Bronchiolitis usually affects children between the ages of 1 month and 1 year, with higher rates of severe disease in patients under 6 months of age.
- The most common cause of bronchiolitis is RSV infection.
- Almost all children will have had an RSV infection by their second birthday. 25% to 40% of children exposed to RSV for the first time will develop signs or symptoms of bronchiolitis or pneumonia.
- 0.5% to 2% of infants under 12 months of age are hospitalized due to bronchiolitis. 80% of hospitalized patients have less than 6 months of age.
- Bronchiolitis presents a seasonal pattern which varies according to climate changes in different geographic locations:
- In temperate climates, RSV infections generally occur during fall, winter, and early spring (between November and March in the northern hemisphere). The timing and severity of RSV circulation in a given community can vary from year to year.
- In tropical areas, bronchiolitis can be seen throughout the year as RSV periods tend to be longer. Seasonal trends of bronchiolitis could be associated to other etiological pathogens with seasonal patterns.
- Mortality rate is low despite the high number of hospitalizations:[1]
- Mortality rate due to bronchiolitis in the U.S. is 2 deaths per 100 000 livebirths and less than 400 deaths during the year.
- Mortality rate due to bronchiolitis in the UK is 1.82 per 100 000 livebirths.
- Bronchiolitis and severe bronchiolitis is more common in males than in females:[1]
- The male to female ratio for severe bronchiolitis is 1.5:1.
Factors associated with hospitalization due to bronchiolitis
- Less than 6 months of age.
- Young maternal age.
- Lower socioeconomic status.
- Exposure to tobacco smoke.
- Atopy history.
- Older siblings.
- Children who attend to daycare facilities.
- Lack of breastfeed.
- Native American and Native Alaskan children tend to have higher hospitalization rates due to bronchiolitis.
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 Smyth RL, Openshaw PJ (2006). "Bronchiolitis". Lancet. 368 (9532): 312–22. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(06)69077-6. PMID 16860701.